Abstracts concerning déjà experiences associated with psychiatric pathology
The abstracts are listed in reverse chronological order: the more recent ones are listed first.
In the older literature, there were other terms used for déjà vu: paramnesia, fausse reconnaissance (French), Erinnerungsfälschung or -täuschung (German) and so on. You'll encounter these if you scroll down to the early abstracts (i.e., before 1910 or so).
For those that were published without an abstract (or for which we could not locate one) we have tried to provide some information from the paper or book. We are sure we have not done justice to many of them and would be grateful for suggestions for amendment or correction. There are still many that we have not been able to find abstracts for or make comments on.
To find an author, year, or a specific word, perform a search using CTRL-F.
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Association of Deja Vu with Cardiovascular Diseases
Curr Probl Cardiol. May 10, 2023.
101793. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101793. Online ahead of print.
Rashid S.1, Khenhrani R..R.2, Devi S.3, Veer M.3, Malik M.4, Malik J.5
Affiliations
1 Department of Surgery, East Lancashire Hospital NHS Trust, Lancashire, UK.
2 Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Larkana, Pakistan.
3 Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
4 Department of Business Administration, Bahria University, Islamabad.
5 Department of Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan. Electronic address:
PMID: 37172880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101793
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a link between déjà vu and cardiovascular diseases. While the mechanism for this association is not fully understood, one theory suggests that déjà vu may be a result of a disruption in the temporal lobe, which is also responsible for regulating blood pressure and heart rate. Another theory suggests that there may be a shared genetic factor between the two conditions, with certain individuals being predisposed to experiencing both. The APOE (Apolipoprotein E) gene, in particular, has been associated with memory processing, Alzheimer's disease, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins, including cholesterol and triglycerides, and is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the APOE4 isoform contributes to CVD, including impairing the clearance of lipoproteins, promoting inflammation, and causing endothelial dysfunction. Psychological factors such as stress may also contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, and déjà vu may be associated with emotional arousal and stress. Further research is needed to fully understand the link between déjà vu and cardiovascular diseases and to explore potential treatment options for individuals who experience both conditions.
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Insomnia moderates the association between psychotic-like experiences and suicidal ideation in a non-clinical population: a network analysis
Misiak B.1, Gawęda Ł.2, Moustafa A. A.3, Samochowiec J.1
1. Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
2. Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
3. School of Psychology & Centre for Data Analytics, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01653-3
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with poor sleep quality and increased suicide risk. However, the association between PLEs, insomnia and suicide risk has not been thoroughly investigated in prior studies. In this study, we aimed to explore as to whether insomnia moderates the association between PLEs and suicidal ideation. The study was performed in 4203 young adults (aged 18–35 years, 63.8% females). Data were collected using self-reports. Moderation analysis demonstrated that PLEs are associated with higher levels of the current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia (B = 0.003, p < 0.001). This analysis included age, gender, education, occupation and depressive symptoms as covariates. Moreover, the network analysis demonstrated that nodes representing PLEs are connected to the node of current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia. The nodes of PLEs connected to the current suicidal ideation node captured PLEs representing deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia (edge weights between 0.011 and 0.083). Furthermore, nodes representing PLEs were the three most central nodes in the network analysis of individuals with higher levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.96 and 1.10). In turn, the three most central nodes were represented by depressive symptoms in the network analysis of individuals with lower levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.67 and 0.79). Findings from this study indicate that insomnia might be an important risk factor of suicide in people with PLEs, especially those reporting deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia.
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Déjà-vu evoked by electrical stimulation of the insula
Toffa DH1, Assi EB1, Pépin C1, Martineau L2, Manon R1, Bouthillier A3, Nguyen DK4
1 Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
2 Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
3 Division of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
4 Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalized de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
* Correspondence: Dènahin H. Toffa
Epileptic Disorders 24(3):561-566, 2022.
doi: 10.1684/epd.2022.1433. PMID: 35770780
Abstract
Objective: Déjà-vu is a mental phenomenon commonly experienced during temporal lobe seizures and can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe. We analyzed reproducible déjà-vu experiences evoked by stimulating the insula in two patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy.
Methods: We reviewed video-electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from extraoperative electrical cortical stimulation sessions. In addition, we performed the directed transfer function (DTF) effective connectivity measure of monopolar signals in Patient 1. To highlight elective changes due to each stimulation, we subtracted pre-stimulation DTF matrices from early poststimulation matrices. This analysis was performed for both non-inducing-déjàvu stimulation (control matrix) and déjà-vu-inducing stimulation (active matrix). Finally, the control matrix was subtracted from the active matrix.
Results: Comparison of effective connectivity during control stimulation versus déjà-vu-inducing stimulation revealed a reversal of connectivity levels in three main regions: the contralateral inferior insula (the ipsilateral insula could not be analyzed), bilateral mesiotemporal regions and the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus. The drivers of evoked déjà-vu were the mesiotemporal regions (mainly ipsilateral) and the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus.
Significance: Although our findings are possibly anecdotal, the insula may (in rare instances) remotely generate unexpected déjà-vu. If confirmed by further studies, this might change the assessment strategy for possible causes of anterior temporal lobectomy failure.
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Entropy, Amnesia, and Abnormal Déjà Experiences
Frankle L.
School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 13:794683, 2022.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794683. eCollection 2022. PMID: 35967717 PMCID: PMC9364811
Abstract
Previous research has contrasted fleeting erroneous experiences of familiarity with equally convincing, and often more stubborn erroneous experiences of remembering. While a subset of the former category may present as nonpathological "déjà vu," the latter, termed "déjà vécu" can categorize a delusion-like confabulatory phenomenon first described in elderly dementia patients. Leading explanations for this experience include the dual process view, in which erroneous familiarity and erroneous recollection are elicited by inappropriate activation of the parahippocampal cortex and the hippocampus, respectively, and the more popular encoding-as-retrieval explanation in which normal memory encoding processes are falsely flagged and interpreted as memory retrieval. This paper presents a novel understanding of this recollective confabulation that builds on the encoding-as-retrieval hypothesis but more adequately accounts for the co-occurrence of persistent déjà vécu with both perceptual novelty and memory impairment, the latter of which occurs not only in progressive dementia but also in transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) and psychosis. It makes use of the growing interdisciplinary understanding of the fluidity of time and posits that the functioning of memory and the perception of novelty, long known to influence the subjective experience of time, may have a more fundamental effect on the flow of time.
92 references
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Are involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu natural products of memory retrieval?
Barzykowski K1 & Moulin C2
1 Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
2 Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France and Institut Universitaire de France.
Behav Brain Sci. 16;1-66, 2022.
doi: 10.1017/S0140525X22002035. Online ahead of print. PMID: 36111499
Abstract
Involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) and déjà vu are phenomena that occur spontaneously in daily life. IAMs are recollections of the personal past, whereas déjà vu is defined as an experience in which the person feels familiarity at the same time as knowing that the familiarity is false. We present and discuss the idea that both IAMs and déjà vu can be explained as natural phenomena resulting from memory processing and, importantly, are both based on the same memory retrieval processes. Briefly, we hypothesise that both can be described as 'involuntary' or spontaneous cognitions, where IAMs deliver content and déjà vu delivers only the feeling of retrieval. We map out the similarities and differences between the two, making a theoretical and neuroscientific account for their integration into models of memory retrieval and how the autobiographical memory literature can explain these quirks of daily life and unusual but meaningful phenomena. We explain the emergence of the déjà vu phenomenon by relating it to well-known mechanisms of autobiographical memory retrieval, concluding that IAMs and déjà vu lie on a continuum.
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Déjà vu experiences in anxiety
Wells CE1, O'Connor AR2, Moulin CJA3
1 School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK.
2 School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
3 Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, LPNC CNRS 5105, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Memory 29(7):895-903, 2021.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1538418. Epub 2018 Nov 1. PMID: 30384798
Abstract
Déjà vu occurs when a novel event is experienced with an erroneous sense of familiarity. Memory researchers theorise that this arises due to an error in the processes underlying the recognition memory system. Research has indicated that there may be a link between high levels of anxiety and increased frequency and intensity of déjà vu, however, there has been a comparatively little characterisation of déjà vu as experienced by individuals with clinical anxiety. We used an online questionnaire to collect data from individuals self-reporting a clinical diagnosis of anxiety, as well as from age-matched controls. The Anxiety Group reported a significantly higher frequency of déjà vu episodes over the previous month than controls. They also reported experiencing déjà vu more frequently and with higher intensity during periods of high anxiety. In addition, the Anxiety Group reported finding déjà vu episodes significantly more distressing than the Control Group. The findings indicate that there are differences in déjà vu experienced by people reporting high levels of anxiety compared to healthy controls without an anxiety diagnosis. We discuss structural and neural mechanisms thought to underpin déjà vu in relation to these results.
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fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà vu experience
Urquhart JA1, Sivakumaran MH1, Macfarlane JA2, O'Connor AR1
1 School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
2 Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Memory 29(7):921-932, 2021.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1524496. PMID: 30232927 Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Abstract
Attempts to generate déjà vu experimentally have largely focused on engineering partial familiarity for stimuli, relying on an ensuing, but unprompted evaluation of conflict to generate the experience. Without verification that experimentally-generated familiarity is accompanied by the awareness of stimulus novelty, these experimental procedures potentially provide an incomplete déjà vu analogue. We used a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory procedure to generate both familiarity and novelty within a déjà vu analogue - we coupled experimentally-generated familiarity with cues indicating that the familiarity was erroneous, using this additional source of mnemonic information to generate cognitive conflict in our participants. We collected fMRI and behavioural data from 21 participants, 16 of whom reported déjà vu. Using univariate contrasts we identified brain regions associated with mnemonic conflict, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. This is the first experiment to image an analogue of the déjà vu experience in healthy volunteers. The increased likelihood of déjà vu reports to DRM critical lures correctly identified as "new", and the activation of neural substrates supporting the experience of cognitive conflict during déjà vu, suggest that the resolution of memory conflict may play an integral role in déjà vu.
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Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu
Ernst A1, Delrue G2, Willems S3
1 Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.
2 Unité de revalidation neuropsychologique de l'Adulte - CHU de Liège, Liege, Belgium.
3 Psychological and Speech Therapy Consultation Centre (CPLU), University of Liège, Liege, Belgium.
Memory 29(7):869-883, 2021.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1510965. PMID: 30136891 Epub 2018 Aug 23.
Abstract
While occasional déjà vu is benign in the general population, rare neuropsychological cases with persistent déjà vu have been described in the literature. We report the case of MN, a 25-year-old woman, who suffered a cerebral haemorrhage in the right thalamo-callosal region and experienced recurrent déjà vu episodes. Through clinical interviews and memory tasks related to déjà vu, we assumed that source memory errors and an inappropriate feeling of familiarity (measured by the number of false recognitions) were critically involved in MN's déjà vu. Based on this, we developed the first neuropsychological intervention dedicated to déjà vu. The rationale was to train MN to detect elements that could produce an inappropriate feeling of familiarity and to promote metacognitive awareness about déjà vu. This intervention was effective at reducing the frequency of déjà vu episodes in MN's daily life, as well as the number of false recognitions in memory tasks. In addition to its clinical contribution, this single-case study contributes to the limited literature on patients whose déjà vu is not related to epileptic abnormalities and medial temporal brain damage, and provide supportive evidence of the role of an erroneous feeling of familiarity and of metacognitive processes in déjà vu.
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Déjà vu and prescience in a case of severe episodic amnesia following bilateral hippocampal lesions
Curot J1,2,3, Pariente J1,4, Hupé JM2,3, Lotterie JA4,5, Mirabel H1, Barbeau EJ2,3
1 Neurologie, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
2 Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
3 CerCo, UMR 5549, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France.
4 INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse, France.
5 Radiochirurgie stéréotaxique, Hôpital Purpan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Memory 29(7):843-858, 2021.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1673426. PMID: 31587614 Epub 2019 Oct 6.
Abstract
Several studies pertaining to déjà vu have consistently made a connection with the perirhinal region, a region located below the hippocampus. This idea is strengthened by the fact that déjà vu is an erroneous sense of familiarity and that familiarity appears to largely depend on the perirhinal region in healthy subjects. In this context, the role of the hippocampus is particularly unclear as it is unknown whether or not it plays a role in the genesis of déjà vu. We report on the case of OHVR, an epileptic patient who suffers from severe episodic amnesia related to massive isolated bilateral damage to the hippocampus. In contrast, the perirhinal region is intact structurally and functionally. This patient reports frequent déjà vu but also another experiential phenomenon with a prominent feeling of prescience, which shows some of the characteristics of déjà vécu. She clearly distinguishes both. She also developed a form of synaesthesia by attributing affective valence to numbers. This study shows that déjà vu can occur in cases of amnesia with massively damaged hippocampi and confirms that the perirhinal region is a core region for déjà vu, using a different approach from previous reports. It also provides clues about a potential influence of hippocampal alterations in déjà vécu.
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Déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex: dissociating recollective from familiarity disruptions in a single case patient
Brandt KR1, Conway MA2, James A1, von Oertzen TJ3,4
1 Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
2 Department of Psychology, City University, London, UK.
3 Atkinson Morley Neuroscience Centre, St. George's Hospital, London, UK.
4 Department of Neurology 1, Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitaetsklinikum, Linz, Austria.
Memory 29(7):859-868, 2021
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1543436. PMID: 30403917 Epub 2018 Nov 7.
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated a relationship between déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex in patients with wider medial temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present research was to investigate this crucial link in a patient (MR) with a selective lesion to the left lateral entorhinal cortex to provide a more direct exploration of this relationship. Two experiments investigated the experiences of déjà vécu (using the IDEA questionnaire) and déjà vu (using an adapted DRM paradigm) in MR and a set of matched controls. The results demonstrated that MR had quantitatively more and qualitatively richer recollective experiences of déjà vécu. In addition, under laboratory-based déjà vu conditions designed to elicit both false recollection (critical lures) and false familiarity (weakly-associated lures), MR only revealed greater memory impairments for the latter. The present results are therefore the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between the entorhinal cortex and the experience of both déjà vu and déjà vécu. They furthermore suggest that the entorhinal cortex is involved in both weakly-associative false memory as well as strongly-associative memory under conditions that promote familiarity-based processing.
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[Chronophrenia - a new delusion described by Bertalan Petho] [Article in Hu]
Tényi, T.
Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem, Pszichiatriai es Pszichoterapias Klinika, Pecs, Hungary, E-mail:
Psychiatr Hung. 36(3):289-293, 2021.
PMID: 34738525
Abstract
In 1985 Bertalan Petho enriched psychiatric literature by the description of a new delusion. The essence of chronophrenia is the delusion, that the patient has already lived through this life once. The phenomenon is a persistant delusion that differs from the experiences of déja vu and déja vecu. The present article introduces the publication of Petho and interprets it in the light of research on time-sense in schizophrenia. The similarity of chrono-phrenia and the idea of Eternal Return by Nietzsche is also discussed.
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Déjà Vécu: When Groundhog Day Gets Real
ter Meulen, B. C.1, van der Meer, M. G.2, Hemmes, R.1, Blom, J. D.3,4,5*
1 Department of Neurology, OLVG Teaching Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
2 Department of Psychiatry, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, Netherlands
3 Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
4 Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Jan Dirk Blom, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Kiwistraat 43, 2552 DH The Hague, Netherlands, Tel: 0031-883570232; E-mail:
Received: 10 December 2020; Accepted: 07 January 2021; Published: 14 January 2021
Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports 5(1):110-117, 2021.
DOI: 10.26502/acmcr.96550335
Abstract
Déjà vécu is an extremely rare type of identifying paramnesia characterised by the ongoing sensation of having experienced things before. Having the delusional conviction that this sensation is true, patients frequently exhibit recollective confabulation. We here describe an 84-year-old woman with idiopathic, partial déjà vécu, where her symptoms were limited to people and events. An extensive psychiatric and somatic work-up ruled out cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, dementia, psychosis, or intoxication as a potential underlying cause.
Proposed to be a functional disturbance of the limbic system with the involvement of a network that comprises at least the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, the pathophysiology of déjà vécu is in need of further elucidation. Our patient and her family were offered psychoeducation, which led to acceptance and improved coping. During the two-year follow-up, the déjà vécu sensations continued unaltered, but all involved were less bothered by them, with the patient’s functioning improving both personally and socially.
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Déjà vu and other dissociative states in memory.
O'Connor, A. R.1, Wells, C.2, Moulin, C.J.A3,4.
1 University of Saint Andrews, Scotland.
2 Leeds Trinity University, England.
3 Université Grenoble Alpes, France.
4 Institut Universitaire de France.
Memory 29(7):835-842, 2021.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1911197. PMID: 34372743
No abstract.
"Though we know little more about déjà vu today than we did back in the days of Arnaud over a century ago, we have learned a great deal about other forms of misattribution. This is hard-won knowledge with potentially vital consequences for society: misattribution can alter our lives in strange and unexpected ways" (Schacter 2002, p. 91).
https://www.informahealthcare.com/doi/full/10.1080/09658211.2021.1911197
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Psychotic like experiences among Nigerian school adolescents: Findings from the Lagos Schools Emotional and Behavioral Health Survey
Adewuya,A.1,2, Wright,K.3, Njokanma, F.4
1 Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2 Centre for Mental Health Research and Initiative (CEMHRI), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
3 Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
4 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Early Intervention Psychiatry 15(4):906-913, 2020.
doi: 10.1111/eip.13032. Online ahead of print.
PMID: 32881400
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the presence of psychotic like experience (PLE) symptoms and evaluate for the possible socio-demographic, family, school and mental health variables associated with clinically significant PLE symptoms in Nigeria school adolescent.
Methods: A total of 9441 adolescents from 47 secondary schools in Lagos Nigeria completed questionnaire detailing sociodemographic, family and school related variables. Mental health was assessed with the Mini International Diagnostic Interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). PLE was assessed using the 16-item version of Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16).
Results: The mean age in years was 15.6 (SD 1.5) and 50.4% were females. The mean PQ-16 score was 2.18 (SD 2.38) with 95% CI 2-15-2.21. A total of 2878 (30.5%) adolescents had no PLE symptoms while 990 (10.5%) had clinically significant PLE symptoms. The most experienced symptoms were "déjà vu" (35.5%) and loss of interest (29.6%). The variables independently associated with clinically significant PLE symptoms were "having no close friend in school" (OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.08-3.41), "often beaten by parents" (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.67-2.34) "from a polygamous family" (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.49-2.18), and "diagnosis of depression" (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09-1.63).
Conclusion: We have shown that PLE symptoms are relatively common in non-help seeking Nigerian school adolescents and that personal and family factors are significantly associated. Longitudinal studies will be needed to chart the path of symptoms and determinants of distress, help seeking and development of psychosis.
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Functional activity changes in memory and emotional systems of healthy subjects with Déjà vu
Nigro, S.1, Cavalli,, S. M.2, Cerasa, A.3, Riccelli, R.4, Fortunato, F.2, Bianco, m. G.5, Martino, I.2, Chiriaco, C.3, Vaccaro, M. G.2, Quattrone, A.6, Gambardella, A.7, Labate, A.8
1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
2 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy.
3 Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.
4 Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
5 Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
6 Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy; Neuroscience Centre, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
7 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address:
8 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy. Electronic address:
Epilepsy & Behavior 97:8-14, 2019,
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.018. Epub 2019 Jun 7. 2019
Abstract
Déjà vu (DV) is a fascinating and mysterious human experience that has attracted interest from psychologists and neuroscientists for over a century. In recent years, several studies have been conducted to unravel the psychological and neurological correlates of this phenomenon. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the DV experience in benign manifestations are still poorly understood. Thirty-three healthy volunteers completed an extensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological battery including personality evaluation. The presence of DV was assessed with the Inventory for Deja vu Experiences Assessment. Participants underwent episodic memory learning test, and 2 days later during event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), they are asked to rate old and new pictures as a novel, moderately/very familiar, or recollected. We identified 18 subjects with DV (DV+) and 15without DV (DV−)matched for demographical, neuropsychological, and personality characteristics. At a behavioral level, no significant difference was detected in the episodic memory tasks between DV+and DV−. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed that DV+, independently from task conditions, were characterized by increased activity of the bilateral insula coupled with reduced activation in the right parahippocampal, both hippocampi, superior/middle temporal gyri, thalami, caudate nuclei, and superior frontal gyri with respect to DV−. Our study demonstrates that individuals who experienced DV are not characterized by different performance underlying familiarity/recollection memory processes. However, fMRI results provide evidence that the physiological DV experience is associated with the employment of different neural responses of brain regions involved in memory and emotional processes. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525505019303403
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Relationship between déjà vu experiences and recognition-memory impairments in temporal-lobe epilepsy
Martin CB1,2, Mirsattari SM3, Pruessner JC4, Burneo JG3, Hayman-Abello B3, Köhler S1,5.
1 a The Brain and Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario , London , Canada.
2 b Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.
3 c Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre and University of Western Ontario , London , Canada.
4 d Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz , Konstanz , Germany.
5 e Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre , Toronto , Canada.
Memory 24:1-11, 2019.
doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1643891. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Déjà vu is characterised by feelings of familiarity and concurrent awareness that this familiarity is wrong. Previous neuropsychological research has linked déjà vu during seizures in individuals with unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy (uTLE) to rhinal-cortex abnormalities, and to recognition-memory deficits that selectively affect familiarity assessment. Here, we examined whether bilateral TLE patients with déjà vu (bTLE) show a similar pattern of performance. Using two experimental tasks, we found that bTLE patients exhibit deficits not only for familiarity but also for recollection. Relative to uTLE, this broader impairment also involved hippocampal abnormalities. Our findings confirm rhinal-cortex contributions to the generation of false familiarity in déjà vu that parallel its contributions to familiarity on recognition-memory tasks. While they do not rule out a role for recollection in identifying this familiarity as wrong, the deficits observed in bTLE patients weigh against the notion that any such role is necessary for déjà vu to occur.
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Déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex: dissociating recollective from familiarity disruptions in a single case patient.
Brandt KR1, Conway MA2, James A1, von Oertzen TJ3,4.
1 Department of Psychology , Whitelands College, University of Roehampton , London , UK.
2 Department of Psychology , City University , London , UK.
3 Atkinson Morley Neuroscience Centre , St. George's Hospital , London , UK.
4 Department of Neurology 1 , Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitaetsklinikum , Linz , Austria.
Memory 7:1-10. 2018 doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1543436. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Past research has demonstrated a relationship between déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex in patients with wider medial temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present research was to investigate this crucial link in a patient (MR) with a selective lesion to the left lateral entorhinal cortex to provide a more direct exploration of this relationship. Two experiments investigated the experiences of déjà vécu (using the IDEA questionnaire) and déjà vu (using an adapted DRM paradigm) in MR and a set of matched controls. The results demonstrated that MR had quantitatively more and qualitatively richer recollective experiences of déjà vécu. In addition, under laboratory-based déjà vu conditions designed to elicit both false recollection (critical lures) and false familiarity (weakly-associated lures), MR only revealed greater memory impairments for the latter. The present results are therefore the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between the entorhinal cortex and the experience of both déjà vu and déjà vécu. They furthermore suggest that the entorhinal cortex is involved in both weakly-associative false memory as well as strongly-associative memory under conditions that promote familiarity-based processing.
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Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu
Ernst A1, Delrue G2, Willems S3.
1 Department of Psychology , Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège , Liege , Belgium.
2 Unité de revalidation neuropsychologique de l'Adulte - CHU de Liège , Liege , Belgium.
3 Psychological and Speech Therapy Consultation Centre (CPLU), University of Liège , Liege , Belgium.
Memory 23:1-15, 2018. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1510965. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
While occasional déjà vu is benign in the general population, rare neuropsychological cases with persistent déjà vu have been described in the literature. We report the case of MN, a 25-year-old woman, who suffered a cerebral haemorrhage in the right thalamo-callosal region and experienced recurrent déjà vu episodes. Through clinical interviews and memory tasks related to déjà vu, we assumed that source memory errors and an inappropriate feeling of familiarity (measured by the number of false recognitions) were critically involved in MN's déjà vu. Based on this, we developed the first neuropsychological intervention dedicated to déjà vu. The rationale was to train MN to detect elements that could produce an inappropriate feeling of familiarity and to promote metacognitive awareness about déjà vu. This intervention was effective at reducing the frequency of déjà vu episodes in MN's daily life, as well as the number of false recognitions in memory tasks. In addition to its clinical contribution, this single-case study contributes to the limited literature on patients whose déjà vu is not related to epileptic abnormalities and medial temporal brain damage, and provide supportive evidence of the role of an erroneous feeling of familiarity and of metacognitive processes in déjà vu.
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fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà vu experience
Urquhart JA1, Sivakumaran MH1, Macfarlane JA2, O'Connor AR1.
1 School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
2 Medical Physics, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Memory 20:1-12, 2018. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1524496. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Attempts to generate déjà vu experimentally have largely focused on engineering partial familiarity for stimuli, relying on an ensuing, but unprompted evaluation of conflict to generate the experience. Without verification that experimentally-generated familiarity is accompanied by the awareness of stimulus novelty, these experimental procedures potentially provide an incomplete déjà vu analogue. We used a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory procedure to generate both familiarity and novelty within a déjà vu analogue - we coupled experimentally-generated familiarity with cues indicating that the familiarity was erroneous, using this additional source of mnemonic information to generate cognitive conflict in our participants. We collected fMRI and behavioural data from 21 participants, 16 of whom reported déjà vu. Using univariate contrasts we identified brain regions associated with mnemonic conflict, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. This is the first experiment to image an analogue of the déjà vu experience in healthy volunteers. The increased likelihood of déjà vu reports to DRM critical lures correctly identified as "new", and the activation of neural substrates supporting the experience of cognitive conflict during déjà vu, suggest that the resolution of memory conflict may play an integral role in déjà vu.
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Déjà vu experiences in anxiety
Wells CE1, O'Connor AR2, Moulin CJA3.
1 School of Social and Health Sciences , Leeds Trinity University , Leeds , UK.
2 School of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , UK.
3 Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, LPNC CNRS 5105 , Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble , France.
Memory 1:1-9, 2018 doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1538418.
Abstract
Déjà vu occurs when a novel event is experienced with an erroneous sense of familiarity. Memory researchers theorise that this arises due to an error in the processes underlying the recognition memory system. Research has indicated that there may be a link between high levels of anxiety and increased frequency and intensity of déjà vu, however, there has been a comparatively little characterisation of déjà vu as experienced by individuals with clinical anxiety. We used an online questionnaire to collect data from individuals self-reporting a clinical diagnosis of anxiety, as well as from age-matched controls. The Anxiety Group reported a significantly higher frequency of déjà vu episodes over the previous month than controls. They also reported experiencing déjà vu more frequently and with higher intensity during periods of high anxiety. In addition, the Anxiety Group reported finding déjà vu episodes significantly more distressing than the Control Group. The findings indicate that there are differences in déjà vu experienced by people reporting high levels of anxiety compared to healthy controls without an anxiety diagnosis. We discuss structural and neural mechanisms thought to underpin déjà vu in relation to these results.
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Deja vu and other dissociative states in memory
Memory 25(1): 1, 2017
Call for papers
[No authors listed]
PMID: 27905254 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1244881
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Déjà vecu for news events but not personal events: A dissociation between autobiographical and non-autobiographical episodic memory processing
Turner MS1, Shores EA2, Breen N3, Coltheart M4.
Author information
1 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK; Formerly of Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology and Clinical Health Psychology, St Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address:
2 Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
3 Formerly of Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
4 Formerly of Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders and Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Cortex Nov 18, 2016
pii: S0010-9452(16)30320-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.006. PMID: 27939361 [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
In déjà vu, the feeling that what we are currently experiencing we have experienced before is fleeting and is not accepted as true. In contrast, in déjà vecu or "recollective confabulation", the sense of déjà vu is persistent and convincing, and patients genuinely believe that they have lived through the current moment at some previous time. In previous reports of cases of déjà vecu, both personal events and non-personal, world events gave rise to this experience. In this paper we describe a patient whose déjà vecu experiences are entirely restricted to non-personal events, suggesting that autobiographical and non-autobiographical episodic memory processing can dissociate. We suggest that this dissociation is secondary to differences in the degree to which personal and emotional associations are formed for these two different types of event, and offer a two-factor theory of déjà vecu.
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Psychopathology of Lived Time: Abnormal Time Experience in Persons With Schizophrenia
Stanghellini G1, Ballerini M2, Presenza S3, Mancini M3, Raballo A4, Blasi S5, Cutting J6.
1 Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; Centro de Estudios de Fenomenología y Psiquiatría, Universidad "Diego Portales", Santiago, Chile;
2 Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority, Florence, Italy;
3 Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University "G. D' Annunzio", Chieti, Italy;
4 Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addiction, Local Health Authority, Reggio Emilia, Italy;
5 Department of Human Science, Carlo Bo University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy;
6 Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College Hospital, London, UK.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 42(1): 45-55, 2016
Epub 2015 May 4. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbv052.
Abstract
Abnormal time experience (ATE) in schizophrenia is a long-standing theme of phenomenological psychopathology. This is because temporality constitutes the bedrock of any experience and its integrity is fundamental for the sense of coherence and continuity of selfhood and personal identity. To characterize ATE in schizophrenia patients as compared to major depressives we interviewed, in a clinical setting over a period of 15 years, 550 consecutive patients affected by schizophrenic and affective disorders. Clinical files were analyzed by means of Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR), an inductive method suited to research that requires rich descriptions of inner experiences. Of the whole sample, 109 persons affected by schizophrenic (n = 95 acute, n = 14 chronic) and 37 by major depression reported at least 1 ATE. ATE are more represented in acute (N = 109 out of 198; 55%) than in chronic schizophrenic patients (N = 14 out of 103; 13%). The main feature of ATE in people with schizophrenia is the fragmentation of time experience (71 out of 109 patients), an impairment of the automatic and prereflexive synthesis of primal impression-retention-protention. This includes 4 subcategories: disruption of time flowing, déjà vu/vecu, premonitions about oneself and the external world. We contrasted ATE in schizophrenia and in major depression, finding relevant differences: in major depressives there is no disarticulation of time experience, rather timelessness because time lacks duration, not articulation. These core features of the schizophrenic pheno-phenotype may be related to self-disorders and to the manifold of characteristic schizophrenic symptoms, including so called bizarre delusions and verbal-acoustic hallucinations.
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History repeating itself: Arnaud's case of pathological déjà vu
Bertrand JM1, Martinon LM2, Souchay C3, Moulin CJ4.
Author information
1 Centre d'épidémiologie de populations et de santé publique de Bourgogne, EA 4184, Université de Bourgogne, France.
2 Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria, UK.
3 Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, LPNC CNRS 5105, Université Grenoble Alpes, France.
4 Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition, LPNC CNRS 5105, Université Grenoble Alpes, France. Electronic address:
Cortex 87:129-141, 2017
pii: S0010-9452(16)30032-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.02.016. PMID: 27188828 [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
We present a translation of Arnaud's (1896) case report of Patient Louis, a case he describes as having a pathological form of déjà vu. Louis has the delusional belief that the present moment is a repetition of an exact same previous event. Arnaud's paper is critical for two reasons. Firstly, it is amongst the first articles in the scientific literature to describe the déjà vuexperience using the term 'déjà vu'. Secondly, the case report of someone with delusional and persistent déjà vu, anticipates recently reported cases with similar symptoms, which are beginning to gain interest as a particular form of memory disorder. We offer a contemporary analysis of Louis and conclude that, whilst the article was critical in the development of déjà vuas a scientific concern, Louis's distorted memory is not best described as déjà vu, but rather as a form of reduplicative paramnesia described as recollective confabulation.
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Pathologies of hyperfamiliarity in dreams, delusions and déjà vu
Gerrans P
Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Correspondence: Philip Gerrans, Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia e-mail:
Frontiers in Psycholology 5: 97, 2014
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00097 Published online Feb 20, 2014. PMCID: PMC3929836
Abstract
The ability to challenge and revise thoughts prompted by anomalous experiences depends on activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal circuitry. When activity in those circuits is absent or compromised subjects are less likely to make this kind of correction. This appears to be the cause of some delusions of misidentification consequent on experiences of hyperfamiliarity for faces. Comparing the way the mind responds to the experience of hyperfamiliarity in different conditions such as delusions, dreams, pathological and non-pathological déjà vu, provides a way to understand claims that delusions and dreams are both states characterized by deficient "reality testing."
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Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
Wells CE1, Moulin CJ, Ethridge P, Illman NA, Davies E, Zeman A.
1 Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield SD10 2BQ, UK.
Journal of Medical Case Reports 8(1): 414, 2014
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295571/
Abstract
Introduction
Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.
Case presentation
A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.
Conclusions
Our case’s memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of hisdéjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistentdéjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.
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Awareness and confabulation
Shanks MF1, McGeown WJ2, Guerrini C3, Venneri A1.
1 Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield.
2 Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde.
3 Department of Psychology, University of Hull.
Neuropsychology 28(3): 406-14, 2014
doi: 10.1037/neu0000031. Epub 2013 Nov 4.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
A single case study with control and normative data of a 74-year-old retired businessman with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, who had spontaneous confabulations concerning fantastic exploits and magical powers as well as déjà vécu experiences.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
His neuropsychological profile showed episodic memory impairment including deficits of recent episodic autobiographical memories and of recognition, but performance was within normal limits on tests assessing source memory for words, the ability to suppress irrelevant items on a continuous recognition memory task, and the detection of stimulus frequency. There were discrete impairments in an ad hoc test measuring his ability to detect and discriminate the source of a range of material including information derived from personal and public events, invented material, and episodes culled from his personal reading. Although his source memory for autobiographical information was normal, he attributed 20% of the invented material and personal readings and 15% of the public events either to his own experience or to that of someone he knew personally or to someone else.
CONCLUSIONS:
This evidence suggests that none of the current theoretical accounts of spontaneous confabulations is sufficiently explanatory. Instead, an argument is developed that both fantastic confabulation and déjà vécuarose from a more fundamental disorder of awareness.
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Schizophrenia and the paranormal: more psi belief and superstition, and less déjà vu in medicated schizophrenic patients
Shiah YJ1, Wu YZ2, Chen YH3, Chiang SK4.
1 Graduate Institute of Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan. Electronic address: shiah a nknu.edu.tw.
2 Graduate Institute of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
3 Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Laboratory of Integrated Brain Research Unit, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
4 Clinical and Counseling Psychology Department, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.
Comprehensive Psychiatry 55(3): 688-92, 2014
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The present study examined the relation between déjà vu experiences and paranormal beliefs in schizophrenic patients.
METHODS:
A total of 522 participants (54.5% female; mean age=33.3, SD=16.02) were recruited, including 422 healthy adults (60.9% female; mean age=29.48, SD=15.07) and 100 medicated adult schizophrenic patients (27.3% female; mean age=48.98, SD=8.57). The Chinese version of the Inventory of Déjà-vu Experiences Assessment was created via back translation. Chinese versions of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (CRPB), Beck Anxiety Inventory (CBAI), and Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) were also used.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
After controlling for age, gender, education, and anxiety, the results supported the following three hypotheses. Schizophrenic persons have fewer déjà vu experiences than normal persons. These experiences are positively related to paranormal beliefs in healthy adults but not in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenic patients have higher scores than healthy adults on the psi and superstitious subscales of the CRPB.
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AWARE - AWAreness during REsuscitation - A prospective study
Parnia S1, Spearpoint K2, de Vos G3, Fenwick P4, Goldberg D5, Yang J5, Zhu J5, Baker K4, Killingback H6, McLean P7, Wood M7, Zafari AM8, Dickert N8, Beisteiner R9, Sterz F9, Berger M9, Warlow C10, Bullock S10, Lovett S11, McPara RM12, Marti-Navarette S13, Cushing P14, Wills P15, Harris K4, Sutton J16, Walmsley A17, Deakin CD4, Little P4, Farber M18, Greyson B19, Schoenfeld ER5.
1 Stony Brook Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA. Electronic address: sam.parnia a stonybrookmedicine.edu.
2 Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College, University of London, UK.
3 Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA.
4 University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
5 Stony Brook Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA.
6 Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK.
7 St Georges Hospital, University of London, UK.
8 Emory University School of Medicine & Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, USA.
9 Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
10 Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK.
11 Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK.
12 Cedar Sinai, USA.
13 Croydon University Hospital, UK.
14 James Paget Hospital, UK.
15 Ashford & St Peters NHS Trust, UK.
16 Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK.
17 East Sussex Hospital, East Sussex, UK.
18 Indiana University, Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, USA.
19 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Resuscitation 85(12): 1799-805, 2014
pii: S0300-9572(14)00739-4. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors experience cognitive deficits including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is unclear whether these are related to cognitive/mental experiences and awareness during CPR. Despite anecdotal reports the broad range of cognitive/mental experiences and awareness associated with CPR has not been systematically studied.
METHODS:
The incidence and validity of awareness together with the range, characteristics and themes relating to memories/cognitive processes during CA was investigated through a 4 year multi-center observational study using a three stage quantitative and qualitative interview system. The feasibility of objectively testing the accuracy of claims of visual and auditory awareness was examined using specific tests. The outcome measures were (1) awareness/memories during CA and (2) objective verification of claims of awareness using specific tests.
RESULTS:
Among 2060 CA events, 140 survivors completed stage 1 interviews, while 101 of 140 patients completed stage 2 interviews. 46% had memories with 7 major cognitive themes: fear; animals/plants; bright light; violence/persecution; deja-vu; family; recalling events post-CA and 9% had NDEs, while 2% described awareness with explicit recall of 'seeing' and 'hearing' actual events related to their resuscitation. One had a verifiable period of conscious awareness during which time cerebral function was not expected.
CONCLUSIONS:
CA survivors commonly experience a broad range of cognitive themes, with 2% exhibiting full awareness. This supports other recent studies that have indicated consciousness may be present despite clinically undetectable consciousness. This together with fearful experiences may contribute to PTSD and other cognitive deficits post CA.
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Features of migraine aura in teenagers
Petrusic I1, Pavlovski V, Vucinic D, Jancic J.
1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Journal of Headache Pain 15: 87, 2014
PMID: 25496701 PMCID: PMC4273684 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-87
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Complex migraine aura in teenagers can be complicated to diagnose. The aim of this study was to present detailed features of migraine aura in teenage migraineurs.
METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from 2008 till 2013. A total number of 40 teenage migraineurs (20 females and 20 males) met criteria for this study. The patients were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire for collecting data about migraine aura features. Main outcome measures were frequency of visual, somatosensory and higher cortical dysfunction (HCD) symptoms in teenage migraineurs population during the aura, and also within each individual.
RESULTS:
Visual aura was reported in every attack, followed by somatosensory (60%) and dysphasic (36.4%) aura. Scintillating scotoma and blurry vision were mostly reported and predominant visual symptoms. The most common somatosensory symptom was numbness in hand. HCD were reported by 22 (55%) patients. Slowed speech was mostly reported symptom of HCD, followed by dyslexia, déjà vu phenomenon, color dysgnosia, and dyspraxia. In patients with HCD, aura frequency per year (6.18 ± 3.17 vs. 3.33 ± 2.03, p = 0.003) and prevalence of somatosensory symptoms (77.3% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.014) were significantly higher than in patients without HCD.
CONCLUSIONS:
Aura symptoms vary to a great extent in complexity in teenage migraineurs. Consequently, results obtained in this study provide useful information for clinicians when faced with unusual migraine aura.
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Disordered recognition memory: Recollective confabulation
Moulin CJ
Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement, CNRS UMR 5022, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France. E-mail: christopher.moulin a u-bourgogne.fr
Cortex 30(2): 1-12, 2013
pii: S0010-9452(13)00031-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.01.010. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Recollective confabulation (RC) is encountered as a conviction that a present moment is a repetition of one experienced previously, combined with the retrieval of confabulated specifics to support that assertion. It is often described as persistent déjà vu by family members and caregivers. On formal testing, patients with RC tend to produce a very high level of false positive errors. In this paper, a new case series of 11 people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and with déjà vu-like experiences is presented. In two experiments the nature of the recognition memory deficit is explored. The results from these two experiments suggest - contrary to our hypothesis in earlier published case reports - that recollection mechanisms are relatively spared in this group, and that patients experience familiarity for non-presented items. The RC patients tended to be overconfident in their assessment of recognition memory, and produce inaccurate assessments of their performance. These findings are discussed with reference to delusions more generally, and point to a combined memory and metacognitive deficit, possibly arising from damage to temporal and right frontal regions. It is proposed that RC arises from a metacognitive error; an attempt to justify inappropriate feelings of familiarity which leads to false recognition.
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Dream experience and a revisionist account of delusions of misidentification
Gerrans P
Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia E-mail: philip.gerrans a adelaide.edu.au
Consciousness and Cognition 21(1): 217-227, 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.11.003
Abstract
Standard accounts of delusion explain them as responses to experience. Cognitive models of feature binding in the face recognition systems explain how experiences of mismatch between feelings of "familiarity" and faces can arise. Similar mismatches arise in phenomena such as déjà and jamais vu in which places and scenes are mismatched to feelings of familiarity. These cognitive models also explain similarities between the phenomenology of these delusions and some dream states which involve mismatch between faces, feelings of familiarity and identities. Given these similarities it makes sense to retain that aspect of the standard account in the face of revisionist arguments that feature binding anomalies which lead to delusions of misidentification are not consciously experienced.
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Persistent déjà vu associated with hyperperfusion in the entorhinal cortex
Takeda Y, Kurita T, Sakurai K, Shiga T, Tamaki N, Koyama T
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kitaku, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: ytakeda a med.hokudai.ac.jp
Epilepsy & Behavior 21(2): 196-9, 2011
Abstract
Déjà vu is a common experience among the normal population. However, in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy, it often occurs as a seizure manifestation. The specific cause of such déjà vu is not yet known. Here, we report a case of epilepsy with persistent déjà vu. The patient described the state as if he were living the same life he had lived before. Blood perfusion single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed during the persistent déjà vu showed hyperperfusion in the left medial temporal area; discontinuation of déjà vu was accompanied by disappearance of the hyperperfused area on SPECT. Analysis with three-dimensional co-registration of SPECT and MRI revealed that the hyperperfused area during the persistent déjà vu was in the entorhinal cortex of the left temporal lobe. According to recent theories of recognition memory, malfunction of the parahippocampal area may cause déjà vu. It is also suggested that epileptic activity in the parahippocampal area, especially the entorhinal cortex, may elicit déjà vu.
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Paroxysmal dyskinesia with déjà vu aura
Rosenzweig I, Bhatia KP, Nashef L, Brunnhuber F
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences 22(1): 123, 2010
To the Editor: In the past, paroxysmal movement disorders were often diagnosed as seizures. The current clinical recognition that they are distinct from epilepsies has been challenged by recent clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic observations.[1]
Here we report a patient with an unusual association of déjà vu aura and movement-induced paroxysmal hyperkinetic attacks which were consistent with idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.
1. Swoboda KJ, Soong B, McKenna C, et al: Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and infantile convulsions: clinical and linkage studies. Neurology 2000; 25:224—230
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Variables cognitivas y perceptuales en la experiencia del déjà vu [Spanish]
Parra, A.
Acta Psiquiátrica y Psicológica de América Latina, 55(4): 29-36, 2009
URL: http://www.feap.es/anuarios/2010/html/RevLA01xART0582.html
Abstract
La experiencia de déjà vu puede ser definida como cualquier impresión subjetiva errónea de familiaridad acerca de una experiencia presente con pasado indefinido. En efecto, individuos que tienen experiencias de déjà vu tienen un nivel más elevado de actividad imaginativa/fantasiosa o propensión a la fantasía. Cuando se compara a estos individuos con quienes no la experimentan, estas personas tienen mayor capacidad de absorción psicológica. Este estudio incluyó 560 estudiantes de psicología de ambos sexos, 406 mujeres y 154 varones. Los resultados indican que la esquizotipia cognitivo-perceptual, desrealización/ despersonalización, sinestesia, y tendencia a la fantasía son factores que parecen cumplir un rol en la ocurrencia de la experiencia déjà vu en comparación con individuos que no tienen la experiencia. Además, las experiencias déjà vu podrían operar en un continuo en cuyo extremo están los estados disociativos normales y en el otro, estados patológicos como la amnesia disociativa y la despersonalización.
The experience of déjà vu can be defined as any erroneous subjective impression of familiarity about a present experience with an undefined past. Indeed, individuals who have déjà vu experiences have a higher level of imaginative/fantasy activity or fantasy propensity. When compared to non-experiencers, these individuals have a greater capacity for psychological absorption. This study included 560 male and female psychology students, 406 females and 154 males. The results indicate that cognitive-perceptual schizotypy, derealization/depersonalization, synesthesia, and fantasy tendency are factors that appear to play a role in the occurrence of déjà vu experience compared to individuals who do not have the experience. Furthermore, déjà vu experiences may operate on a continuum at one end of which are normal dissociative states and at the other, pathological states such as dissociative amnesia and depersonalization.
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Déjà vu experiences in schizophrenia: relations with psychopathology and antipsychotic medication
Adachi N [1], Adachi T [1,2], Akanuma N [3], Matsubara R [4], Ito M [4], Takekawae Y [5], Ikeda H [6], Arai H [2]
1 Adachi Mental Clinic, Sapporo 004-0867, Japan
2 Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
3 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
4 Department of Psychiatry, Tenshi Hospital, Sapporo 065-8611, Japan
5 Department of Psychological Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Hiratsuka 254-8502, Japan
6 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
Comprehensive Psychiatry 48(6): 592-6, 2007
Abstract
To clarify why patients with schizophrenia show déjà vu experiences less frequently, we studied déjà vu experiences in 113 schizophrenic patients in relation to psychopathologies and antipsychotic medication. Déjà vu experiences were observed in 53.1% of the schizophrenic patients. Patients with increased negative symptoms (blunted affect, motor retardation, emotional withdrawal, conceptual disorganization, and mannerisms) had déjà vu experiences less frequently. The other psychopathologies were not significantly associated with presence of déjà vu experiences. The dosage of antipsychotic drugs was significantly correlated with the frequency of déjà vu experiences. This correlation was not affected by their psychopathologies at the time of examination. The decreased frequency of déjà vu experiences in patients with schizophrenia may be mainly due to the negative symptoms. The positive relation between frequency of déjà vu experiences and the dosage of neuroleptics remains uncertain.
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Recurring déjà vu associated with 5-hydroxytryptophan
Kalra S [1], Chancellor A [2], Zeman A [3]
1 Department of Neurology, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle, UK
2 Department of Neurology, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga, New Zealand
3 Cognitive and Behavioural Neurology Research Group, Peninsula Medical School, Mardon Centre, Exeter, UK
*Professor Adam Zeman, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter EX2 4UD, UK. Tel: 01392-208581/208583; Fax: 01392-662929; E-mail: adam.zeman a pms.ac.uk
Acta Neuropsychiatrica 19(6): 311-3, 2007
Abstract
Background: Déjà vu occurs both in normal experience and as a neuropsychiatric symptom. Its pathogenesis is partially understood. We describe an iatrogenic case with implications for the neuropharmacological basis ofdéjà vu.
Case presentation: A 42-year-old woman received 5-hydroxytryptophan, in combination with carbidopa, as treatment for palatal tremor, on two occasions, separated by 1 week. On each occasion, she experienced intense, protracted déjà vu, lasting for several hours. We discuss her case in relation to the neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological basis of déjà vu.
Conclusion: The serotonergic system is involved in the genesis of déjà vu.
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Adolescent salvia substance abuse
Singh S
University of Michigan Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. E-mail: sundeeps a umich.edu
Addiction 102(5): 823-4, 2007
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Salvia divinorum is a non-water-soluble hallucinogen that is becoming increasingly popular among adolescents. Salvia is a highly selective full agonist of primate and cloned human cerebral kappa-opioid receptors, although its psychotomimetic effects are similar to serotonergic agonists and NMDA glutamate antagonists. Salvia has been associated with depersonalization, laughter, feelings of levitation and self-consciousness. These effects resolve within 30 minutes following use. Salvia has been banned in many countries, although it remains legal and easily assessable over the internet in the United States.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 15-year-old man with a history of salvia and marijuana use presented to psychiatric emergency services with acute onset of mental status changes characterized by paranoia, déjà vu, blunted affect, thought blocking and slow speech of 3 days' duration.
CONCLUSION: There is limited literature discussing the clinical effects of salvia use. Based on this case presentation, salvia use may be associated with many undocumented long-term effects such as déjà vu. The ease of use and increasing popularity of salvia requires further investigation into the clinical effects of salvia use.
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Meningioma mimicking puerperal psychosis
Khong SY, Leach J, Greenwood C
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. E-mail: khongsuyen a doctors.org.uk
Obstetrics & Gynecology 109(2 Pt2): 515-6, 2007
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are slow-growing benign brain tumors. They can be sensitive to sex hormones, increasing in size with pregnancy and leading to clinical presentation either before or immediately after delivery. Initial symptoms and signs can present in the antenatal as well as the postnatal period.
CASE: A patient presented with confusion associated with complaints of déjà vu and auditory hallucinations on day 1 postcesarean delivery. Meningioma was diagnosed by computed tomography and treated successfully with steroids, anticonvulsant, and craniotomy.
CONCLUSION: It is imperative to perform a thorough neurologic examination in a patient who presents with atypical psychiatric symptoms in the antenatal or postpartum period. Neuroimaging should be performed in the presence of any neurologic abnormality to exclude intracranial lesions such as meningioma.
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Déjà vu experiences in patients with schizophrenia
Adachi T, Adachi N, Takekawa Y, Akanuma N, Ito M, Matsubara R, Ikeda H, Kimura M, Arai H
Adachi Mental Clinic, Sapporo 004-0867, Japan
Comprehensive Psychiatry 47(5): 389-93, 2006
Epub 2006 Apr 19
Abstract
To investigate whether déjà vu experiences are psychopathologic phenomena, we studied the frequency and characteristics of déjà vu experiences in patients with schizophrenia. One hundred thirteen patients with schizophrenia and 386 nonclinical control subjects were evaluated with the Inventory of Déjà vu Experiences Assessment. The frequency and features of déjà vu experiences were compared between the 2 groups. The patients with schizophrenia had déjà vu experiences less frequently (53.1%) than did the nonclinical subjects (76.2%). The frequency of déjà vu experiences did not correlate significantly with age at evaluation or education level among the patients with schizophrenia. Most characteristics of déjà vu experiences of the patients were comparable with those of the control subjects. However, the experiences of the patients tended to be longer and more monotonous. The patients often felt alert, oppressed, and disturbed by the experiences. They appeared to have the experiences under unpleasant mental or physical states. Their déjà vu experiences are not primarily different in nature from those of the nonclinical subjects. The decreased frequency of the experiences in the patients may suggest déjà vu experiences as nonpathologic phenomena.
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Exploring the recognition memory deficit in Parkinson's disease: estimates of recollection versus familiarity
Davidson PS, Anaki D, Saint-Cyr JA, Chow TW, Moscovitch M.
The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care Toronto, Ontario, Canada. pdavidson at rotman-baycrest.on.ca
Brain 129(pt. 7): 1768-79, 2006
Epub 2006 May 19.
Current theories postulate that recognition memory can be supported by two independent processes: recollection (i.e. vivid memory for an item and the contextual details surrounding it) versus familiarity (i.e. the mere sense that an item is old). There is conflicting evidence on whether recognition memory is impaired in Parkinson's disease, perhaps because few studies have separated recollection from familiarity. We aimed to explore whether recollection or familiarity is more likely to be affected by Parkinson's disease, using three methods: (i) the word-frequency mirror effect to make inferences about recollection and familiarity based on recognition of high- versus low-frequency words, (ii) subjective estimates of recollection (remembering) versus familiarity (knowing), and (iii) a process-dissociation procedure where participants are required to endorse only some of the previously studied items on a recognition memory test, but not others. We tested Parkinson's disease patients (n = 19 and n = 16, age range = 58-77 years and age range = 50-75 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and age- and education-matched controls (n = 23 and n = 16 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Overall, the Parkinson's disease group showed a reduction in recognition memory, but this appeared to be primarily due to impairment of familiarity, with a lesser decline in recollection. We discuss how this pattern may be related to dysfunction of striatal, prefrontal and/or medial temporal regions in Parkinson's disease.
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Depersonalisation/derealisation symptoms in vestibular disease
Sang FY, Jáuregui-Renaud K, Green DA, Bronstein AM, Gresty MA
Department of Movement and Balance, Imperial College, London, UK
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 77(6): 760-6, 2006
Epub 2006 Feb 7
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Depersonalisation is a subjective experience of unreality and detachment from the self often accompanied by derealisation; the experience of the external world appearing to be strange or unreal. Feelings of unreality can be evoked by disorienting vestibular stimulation.
OBJECTIVE:
To identify the prevalence of depersonalisation/derealisation symptoms in patients with peripheral vestibular disease and experimentally to induce these symptoms by vestibular stimulation.
METHODS:
121 healthy subjects and 50 patients with peripheral vestibular disease participated in the study. For comparison with the patients a subgroup of 50 age matched healthy subjects was delineated. All completed (1) an in-house health screening questionnaire; (2) the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); (3) the 28-item depersonalisation/derealisation inventory of Cox and Swinson (2002). Experimental verification of "vestibular induced" depersonalisation/derealisation was assessed in 20 patients and 20 controls during caloric irrigation of the labyrinths.
RESULTS:
The frequency and severity of symptoms in vestibular patients was significantly higher than in controls. In controls the most common experiences were of "déjà vu" and "difficulty in concentrating/attending". In contrast, apart from dizziness, patients most frequently reported derealisation symptoms of "feel as if walking on shifting ground", "body feels strange/not being in control of self", and "feel 'spacey' or 'spaced out'". Items permitted discrimination between healthy subjects and vestibular patients in 92% of the cases. Apart from dizziness, caloric stimulation induced depersonalisation/derealisation symptoms which healthy subjects denied ever experiencing before, while patients reported that the symptoms were similar to those encountered during their disease.
CONCLUSIONS:
Depersonalisation/derealisation symptoms are both different in quality and more frequent under conditions of non-physiological vestibular stimulation. In vestibular disease, frequent experiences of derealisation may occur because distorted vestibular signals mismatch with the other sensory input to create an incoherent frame of spatial reference which makes the patient feel he or she is detached or separated from the world.
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Disordered memory awareness: recollective confabulation in two cases of persistent déjà vecu
Moulin CJ, Conway MA, Thompson RG, James N, Jones RW
The Research Institute for the Care of the Elderly, St. Martin's Hospital, UK. E-mail: c.j.a.moulin a leeds.ac.uk
Neuropsychologia 43(9): 1362-78, 2005
Abstract
We describe two cases of false recognition in patients with dementia and diffuse temporal lobe pathology who report their memory difficulty as being one of persistent déjà vecu--the sensation that they have lived through the present moment before. On a number of recognition tasks, the patients were found to have high levels of false positives. They also made a large number of guess responses but otherwise appeared metacognitively intact. Informal reports suggested that the episodes of déjà vecu were characterised by sensations similar to those present when the past is recollectively experienced in normal remembering. Two further experiments found that both patients had high levels of recollective experience for items they falsely recognized. Most strikingly, they were likely to recollectively experience incorrectly recognised low frequency words, suggesting that their false recognition was not driven by familiarity processes or vague sensations of having encountered events and stimuli before. Importantly, both patients made reasonable justifications for their false recognitions both in the experiments and in their everyday lives and these we term 'recollective confabulation'. Thus, the patients are characterised by false recognition, overextended recollective experience, and recollective confabulation. These features are accounted for in terms of disrupted control of memory awareness and recollective states, possibly following brain damage to fronto-temporal circuits and we extend this account to normally and abnormally occurring states of déjà vu and vecu and related memory experiences.
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Persistent Déjà vu: a disorder of memory
Thompson RG, Moulin CJ, Conway MA, Jones RW
The Research Institute for the Care of The Elderly, Bath, UK. E-mail: rebecca.thompson a plymouth.ac.uk
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19(9): 906-7, 2004
(This paper reports on three cases of elderly patients with persistent déjà vu. It includes a brief summary of current theories about how déjà vu experiences arise.)
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Neural Correlates of Déjà Vu and Dissociation: The Roles of the Amygdala and Hippocampus in the Prevalence of Déjà Vu Used as an Indicator for the Severity of Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Pontau JR jr
Bachelor thesis: Bowling Green State University, 2002
Abstract
The phenomenon of déjà vu is one that is poorly understood while posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex diagnosis and presentation of symptoms. Both of these presentations are influenced by amygdala and hippocampus regions of the brain. As such, this study demonstrated through correlational analyses that there are significant relationships between components of each that can be utilized to aid in determining the likely-hood of PTSD and dissociative symptoms. A unique negative relationship was also presented between déjà vuand PTSD and dissociative assessment scores. Discussion of these relationships and future investigations are also discussed.
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Intense and recurrent deja vu experiences related to amantadine and phenylpropanolamine in a healthy male
Taiminen T, Jaaskelainen SK
Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. E-mail: tero.taiminen a utu.fi
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 8(5): 460-2, 2001
Abstract
We report a case of a 39-year-old caucasian healthy male physician who developed intense and recurrent deja vu experiences within 24h of initiating concomitant amantadine-phenylpropanolamine treatment against influenza. Deja vu experiences terminated on discontinuation of medication. Findings in temporal epilepsy suggest that mesial temporal structures, including hippocampus, are related to paramnesic symptoms. On the other hand, previous case reports have confirmed that both amantadine and phenylpropanolamine alone, and particularly in combination, can induce psychotic symptoms due to their dopaminergic activity. The authors suggest that deja vu experiences may be provoked by increased dopamine activity in mesial temporal structures of the brain.
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'Alice in Wonderland' syndrome as a precursor of delusional misidentification syndromes
Takaoka N, Ikawa N, Niwa, K
International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice 5(2): 149-151, 2001
http://search.proquest.com/docview/1536681353?accountid=14616
Abstract
The present paper describes a case of abuse of toluene-based solvent in which features of both 'Alice in Wonderland' (AIW) syndrome with déjá vu , and delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS), were exhibited. Toluene-induced brain dysfunction was the basis of the weak ties between percepts and sensory information, which in turn led to the misperceptions. Once misperceptions fed back into the cycle comprised of misperceptions, false beliefs and erroneous expectations, DMS were induced. AIW syndrome with déjá vu is a precursor and forms the basis of DMS.
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A case of persistent déjà vu in an elderly patient
Tabet N & Sivaloganathan S
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry 5: 18-19, 2001
Abstract
Deja vu is a common phenomenon in the young, but persistent deja vu rarely occurs in elderly people with no history of dementia or brain injury. Here, the authors describe an 87 year-old female patient with an eight-week history of deja vu experiences, who on investigation was found to have a frontal lobe lesion.
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Paramnesias and delusions of memory
Marková IS, Berrios GE
In: G. E. Berrios & J. R. Hodges (eds.) Memory Disorders in Psychiatric Practice, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 313-337.
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The altered mind: A study of some forms of visionary intoxication
Melechi A
Doctoral Thesis, The University of York (UK), 1999
http://search.proquest.com/docview/304564387?accountid=14616
Abstract
Drawing on first-person accounts of experimentation with mescaline and LSD, peyote, ayahuasca and psilocybin mushrooms, and opium and the anaesthetic gases, this study presents a typology of some forms of drugged perception and consciousness. Departing from traditional sociological inquiries which emphasise the importance of set (personality, motives, expectations) and setting (physical and social environment) in determining the content and nature of the drug experience, historically and culturally diverse material are examined to locate forms of experience which appear largely unaffected by such external factors. In chapter one, the perceptual effects of the visionary drugs are examined, with particular attention focused on the physiological factors which may account for stereotypical imagery and sensation. Chapter two examines how the music is intensified and transformed, revealing new levels of affect, meaning and physical impact. Chapter three looks at some anomalies of recollection, from eidetic memories and pseudo-memories, déjà-vu to diminished recall. Turning to more extreme psychological states, chapter four considers the experience of depersonalisation, and draws on Jaynes's theory of the bi-cameral mind to investigate the extent to which visionary drugs induce auditory hallucinations, automatisms and other pre-conscious phenomena. Chapter five looks at ecstatic and paranormal experiences of unity and boundlessness. To stress the ubiquity of these effects and experiences, chapter six considers the phenomenological parallels with mysticism, hypnosis, dreaming, schizophrenia and near-death experience, arguing that there are particular aspects of intoxicated experience which are, despite differing affect and interpretation, physiologically pre-determined. The implications of this thesis are considered in the concluding chapter, which argues that by neglecting questions of the body the social sciences have overlooked the extent to which a range of experiences might be physiologically structured.
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Depersonalisationssyndrom nach erworbener Hirnschädigung Überblick anhand von 3 Fallbeispielen und Literatur sowie Diskussion ätiologischer Modelle
[Depersonalization syndrome following aquired cerebral injury: Overview of 3 cases and literature as well as discussion of etological models] [in German]
Paulig M, Böttger S, Sommer M, Prosiegel M
Der Nervenarzt 69(12): 1100-1106, 1998
Summary
Depersonalization after brain damage is still only rarely reported and poorly understood. We describe three patients between the ages of 21 and 25 who experienced depersonalization and derealization for periods of 6 weeks to 4 months, two after traumatic brain injury, the third after surgical and radiation treatment of a pineocytoma. Each one believed to be living in a nightmare and thought about committing suicide in order to wake up. One patient developed symptoms as described in Cotard delusion. Aspects of neuroanatomy, psychodynamics, and anthropology are discussed with reference to the literature. Frontal and temporal lesions seem only to play a facilitating role but not to be a necessary condition. There is evidence for additional influence of psychological and premorbid personality factors. Summarizing the current state of information we consider depersonalization with the experience of being in a dream or being dead as a heuristic reaction to brain damage. Similar models have already been discussed in neuropsychological disorders as for instancereduplicative paramnesias, neglect, and anosognosia.
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Aura Phenomena during Syncope
Benke Th [a], Hochleitner M [b], Bauer G [a]
[a] Neurological and [b] Medical Department, University Clinic, Innsbruck, Austria
European Neurology 37: 28-32, 1997
Abstract
We studied the frequency and clinical characteristics of aura phenomena in 60 patients with cardiac and 40 subjects with vasovagal syncopes. The majority (93%) of all syncope patients recalled having experienced an aura. Aura phenomena were similar in both groups and were mostly compound auras comprising epigastric, vertiginous, visual, or somatosensory experiences, but were more detailed in the noncardiac group. The localizing significance of auras preceding a syncope was generally poor. Although hard to distinguish from epileptic auras from their structure and shape, syncope-related auras lacked symptoms that are commonly reported after epileptic seizures such as tastes, smells, deja vu phenomena, scenic visual perceptions, and speech impairments. Detailed anamnestic exploration of auras seems worthwhile in unexplained disorders of consciousness.
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Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in former second world war prisoners of war
Davis JD
Doctoral thesis: Adelphi University, The Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, New York, 1997
http://search.proquest.com/docview/304407210?accountid=14616
Abstract
Despite the fact that dissociation is often seen as central to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Frawley & Davies, 1991; Herman, 1992; Ulman & Brothers, 1987; van der Hart, et al., 1989; van der Kolk & van der Hart, 1989), PTSD is classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) as an anxiety disorder and not as a dissociative disorder (APA, 1994). PTSD involves the development of symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance or emotional numbing, and increased arousal following exposure to a sufficiently traumatic event. Dissociation is a "structured separation of mental processes (e.g., thoughts, emotions, cognition, memory, and identity) that are ordinarily integrated" (Spiegel & Cardena, 1991). Dissociation may cause disturbances in identity, memory, awareness, and cognition, and experiences of derealization, depersonalization, deja vu, and absorption (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986). Previous research finds high levels of dissociation in various populations with PTSD (Bremner, et al., 1990; Carlson & Rosser-Hogan 1991; Mamar, et al., 1994; Spiegel & Cardena, 1991; Spiegel, Hunt, & Dondershire, 1988). Retrospective reports of dissociation at the time of a trauma also predict the subsequent development of PTSD (Bremner, et al.; 1990, Mamar, 1994). PTSD is often a chronic condition (Murray, 1992). This study expands the study of the relationship of dissociation and PTSD to a population, that of former prisoners of war from the Second World War (POW's), which has been experiencing post-traumatic distress for fifty years. Subjects were 86 former POW's obtained through the VA medical system and from social organizations of former prisoners of war. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed with the Penn Inventory (Hammarberg, 1992). Concurrent validation of PTSD was provided by the Impact of Event Scale (IES) (Horowitz, et al. 1979), which has subscales for symptoms of intrusion and avoidance. Dissociation was assessed with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986). The severity of traumatic experiences was also assessed with questions identified from previous research but was found not to be related to the two main variables. Subjects were also asked about their experiences with repatriation. This study finds that (1) Symptoms of PTSD and dissociative experiences are correlated in all subjects (p $<$ 0.001). (2) Subjects with PTSD (as defined by cutoff score on the Penn Inventory) have higher dissociation scores than non-PTSD subjects (p $<$ 0.001). (3) Penn Inventory scores correlate with scores on the Impact of Event Scale (providing concurrent validity) (p $<$ 0.001). This study failed to find that (4) PTSD correlates with severity of traumatic experiences, or that: (5) Dissociation correlates with severity of traumatic experiences. The results indicate that both PTSD and dissociation are effects of trauma which may endure throughout life.
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Reduplicative misidentification syndromes
Weinstein EA
Chapter 2 in: Method in Madness: Case Studies in Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. Peter W. Halligan and John C. Marshall (eds.), Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxford: Psychology Press, 1996, pp. 13-36
("Temporal reduplication: This is the belief that an ongoing event or period of time has also occurred in the past; an enduring déjà fait, déjà vécu, or déjà vu experience." p. 16)
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Psychopathology and psychiatric syndromes
Bynum WF
Current Opinions in Psychiatry 9: 368-371, 1996
Abstract
Emil Kraepelin's fundamental contributions to psychiatric nosology have received ample analysis during the past year, with a special issue of one journal devoted to his legacy, and that of another journal concentrating on the history of the psychoses.Several other syndromes and symptom complexes have also been examined, and three important monographs published in the area.
(Déjà vu is mentioned on p. 370.)
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To the editor
Scheyer RD, Spencer DD, Spencer SS
Epilepsia 36(5): 522, 1995
("We read with interest the report by Weinard et al of déjà vu corresponding to the hemisphere non-dominant for handedness [1]. However, we recommend caution regarding its use as a lateralizing finding." ... )
1. Weinard ME et al, Epilepsia 35:1054-9, 1994
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Clinical manifestations of psychiatric disorders
Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ
In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry Vol 1, 6th edition, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995
(Under Disturbances of Recall: "Déjà vu is the sense that one has seen or experienced what is transpiring for the first time; it is a false impression that the current stream of consciousness has previously been recorded in memory. Related phenomena are déjà entendu, a sense that one has previously heard what is actually being heard for the first time, and déjà pensé, a feeling that one has at an earlier time known or understood what is being thought for the first time. Experiences of jamais vu, jamaise entendu, and jamais pensé involve feelings that one has never seen, heard, or thought (respectively) things that, in fact, one has. Those phenomena are all common in everyday life but may increase in states of fatigue and intoxication and in association with complex partial seizures and other psychopathological states." p. 653)
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A continuum of misidentification symptoms
Sno HN
University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Psychopathology 27(3-5): 144-7, 1994
Abstract
A case study of a schizophrenic patient with differing forms of experiences of inappropriate familiarity is described. Reduplicative paramnesia is redefined as a delusion of familiarity related to a reduplication of time, place or person. The author proposes the concept of a continuum of positive and negative misidentification symptoms. The positive pole of the continuum ranges from the minor form of déjà vu experience to reduplicative paramnesia. The negative pole ranges from depersonalisation to nihilistic delusions. Differentiation is based on the severity of the disturbance of reality testing. The argumentation is based on the fact that both déjà vuexperiences and depersonalisation occurring in pathological as well as non-pathological conditions are phenomenologically uniform.
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Delusional misidentification syndromes
Ellis HD [a], Luauté J-P [b], Retterstøl N [c]
a School of Psychology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, UK
b Centre Hospitalier General de Romans, France
c Gaustad Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
Professor H. D. Ellis, School of Psychology, University of Wales College of Cardiff, PO Box 901, Cardiff CF1 3YG (UK)
Psychopathology 27(3-5): 117-20, 1994
Abstract
The editors first describe the principal symptoms of the Capgras delusion, the Frégoli delusion, the delusion of intermetamorphosis and the delusion of subjective doubles before developing the argument that it would be appropriate for international psychiatric diagnostic systems to include these disorders. Furthermore the similarity between them, the reduplicative paramnesias and déjà and jamais vu are pointed out. By stressing a symptom-based approach it is possible to examine psychiatric, neurological and medical cases as arising from the same underlying disturbance in cognition function. The relationship between delusions of misidentification and other delusions is also touched upon.
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Encephalic amnesia presenting deja vu experiences limited to people
Yamashita H, Yoshida T, Yoneda Y, Mori E, et-al
Seishin Igaku Clinical Psychiatry 36(1): 89-95, 1994
Abstract
Reports the case of a 41-yr-old woman with herpes simplex encephalitis who had marked anterograde amnesia for both verbal and nonverbal materials and déjà vu experiences concerning other people in the acute phase of illness. During a 4-wk hospitalization her déjà vu experiences disappeared, and her memory impairments recovered to subnormal level. Magnetic resonance imaging at a 20-mo follow-up showed mild but distinct bilateral hippocampal atrophy.
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Anatomy of Deja Vu in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Millichap JG
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Pediatric Neurology Briefs 8(5):33-33(1), 1994
https://doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-8-5-1
Abstract
Sixteen patients, ages 16 to 32 years, implanted with depth electrodes at Hopital Saint-Anne, Paris, France, had experienced a dreamy state (deja-vu - deja vecu, memories of complete scenes, or vague reminiscence) during sterotactic EEG (SEEG).
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Psychoses in three cases with myasthenia gravis and thymoma--proposal of a paraneoplastic autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndrome
Musha M, Tanaka F, Ohuti M
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai
Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 169(4): 335-44, 1993
Abstract
Three patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) associated with thymoma, high serum titers of antiacetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody and generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) are reported. The NPSs were homogeneous; (1) Altered consciousness as manifested by dreamy state with paramnesia, (2) psychosensory symptoms (the sudden change of senses of smell and taste with behavior abnormalities, auditory and visual hallucinations, déjà experiences, microteleopsia and derealization), (3) cognitive disturbances (recent memory loss with compulsive behaviors), (4) emotional disturbances (agitation, fear and anger), and (5) psychotic symptoms (secondary delusions and hallucinations) were characteristic. The NPSs preceded by several months to years the onset of MG, and thereafter they were closely related to worsening and relapse of MG. A typical patient showed repeatedly abnormal electroencephalograms (EEG) indicative of cerebral dysfunction. Another showed improvement of the NPSs after thymectomy and immunosuppressive therapy. The organicity of the phenomenology of psychoses with the same NPSs was suggested and it appears to comprise a unique paraneoplastic syndrome by central autoimmune mechanism. We proposed an autoimmune psychiatric syndrome and the genesis of psychosis due to the central cholinergic dysfunction in MG.
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Erlebnisse der Depersonalisation und des Déjà vu: Prävalenzen in nicht-klinischen Stichproben
[Experiences of depersonalization and déjà vu: prevalences in non-clinical sample populations] [in German]
Probst P, Jansen J
Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie 39: 357-368, 1991
Abstract
According to the relevant psychological and psychiatric literature, depersonalization and deja vu experiences are usually viewed as symptoms of severe psychiatric or neurological disorders, especially in schizophrenia, depression and epilepsy. Studies of these phenomena in non-clinical populations are rare. In this article we present the results of several epidemiological investigations. On the basis of survey and interview research, quantitative and qualitative aspects of both phenomena were assessed, as well as the relations with personality variables like emotionality. The results indicate prevalence rates up to 80 percent in non-clinical populations. Based on epidemiological considerations, the question of differentiation between clinical and non-clinical forms of depersonalization and deja vu is discussed.
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The delusional misidentification syndromes
Christodoulou GN
British Journal of Psychiatry 159 (suppl. 14): 63-9, 1991
(Déjà vu mentioned on p. 68.)
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Psychopathology of time in brain disease and schizophrenia
Cutting J, Silzer H
Behavioural Neurology 3(4): 197-215, 1990
http://search.proquest.com/docview/1494307290?accountid=14616
Abstract
The literature on disturbance of time-sense in brain disease and schizophrenia is reviewed and the subjective experience of altered time-sense reported by 45 out of 350 personally interviewed schizophrenics is analyzed. A review of the literature on the effect of brain damage revealed that some phenomena (déjà vu, reduplication of time, altered tempo to events) were linked with right hemisphere dysfunction, one phenomenon (incorrect sequencing of events) was linked with left anterior brain damage, and others (disrupted "biological clock", disturbed serise of rate of flow of current or past events) could arise from subcortical as well as focal cortical damage. The sparse literature on disturbed time-sense in schizophrenia suggested that there was a shared psychopathology in this respect with right hemisphere dysfunction. The phenomena encountered in the 45 schizophrenics are described and classified.
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The deja vu experience: remembrance of things past?
Susan DS
American Journal of Psychiatry 147: 1587-1595, 1990
Abstract
The deja vu experience is a common phenomenon, occurring in pathological as well as nonpathological conditions. It has been defined as any subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of a present experience with an undefined past. The authors discuss the epidemiologic data, clinical features, and etiology of the phenomenon of deja vu. They also review the different hypotheses on the psychopathogenesis of the deja vu experience and introduce an explanation based on the hologram as a mnestic model.
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Dissociative disorders (hysterical neuroses, dissociative type)
Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ
In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry Vol 1, 5th edition, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989
("Frequently, clinical investigators have included déjà vu and related phenomena in the same category as depersonalization. There is no question that those various kinds of experience are in some way related, because in all of them individuals observe a change in their sense of the reality of what they are perceiving. There is, however, an important difference: in déjà vuwhat is, in fact, new, alien, and previously unexperienced is felt as being familiar and as having been perceived before. In contrast, in depersonalization what is actually familiar is sensed as strange, novel, and unreal. The one, in other words, is the obverse of the other, and the two phenomena are therefore better considered as distinct entities." p. 1039)
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The dissociative disorders interview schedule: A structured interview
Ross CA, Heber S, Norton GR, Anderson D, Anderson G, Barchet P
Dissociation 11(3): 169-189, 1989
Abstract
The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DI)18), a structured interview, has been developed to make DSM-111 diagnoses of the dissociative disorders, somatization disorder, major depressive episode, and borderline personality disorder, Additional items provide information about substance abuse, childhood physical and sexual abuse, and secondary features of multiple personality disorder. These items provide information useful in the diffeirential diagnosis of dissociative disorders. The DDIS has an overall inter-rater reliability of 0.68. For the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder it has a specifity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90%.
(The inventory is included in the paper. Question 103 in section IX [Supernatural/Possession/ESP Experiences/Cults] reads: Have you ever had any extrasensory perception experiences such as e) deja vu [the feeling that what is happening to you has happened before?)
(The inventory is also available as Appendix A in: Ross CA, Multiple Personality Disorder: Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.)
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Pathogenesis of reduplicative paramnesia
Hakim H, Verma NP, Greifenstein MF
Neurology and Neuropsychology Services, Allen Park VA Medical Center, and The Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 51: 839-841, 1988
SUMMARY
The incidence of reduplicative paramnesia was sampled with a structured interview in 50 consecutive alcoholic inpatients. Four had reduplicative paramnesia (RP group) and 46 did not (non-RP group). Three of four patients in RP group had acute right hemispheric lesions and none had a left hemispheric lesion; 19 non-RP patients had left hemispheric lesions, 2 had right, and 25 had none. These data are in keeping with the previous suggestions that the neuroanatomical basis for reduplicative paramnesia is an acute right hemispheric lesion superimposed on chronic diffuse or bifrontal deficit.
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Chronophrenia--a new syndrome in functional psychoses
Pethö B
Psychopathology 18(2-3): 174-80, 1985
Abstract
The author describes the 12-year history of a functional (endogenous) psychosis in a 25-year-old woman and the subsequent full social remission. The central symptom in the case history is the delusion that the patient has already lived through this life once. This delusion appears as the experience of reduplication, differing from that of déjà vu, based on mental automatism. It is accompanied by euphoria and the distortion of the future time perspective. The hypothesis of a disorder in the function of the limbic system arises as a possible pathophysiological explanation. Schizophrenic symptoms were absent and no defect was formed. This previously unknown syndrome presented by the use of the idiographic method may contribute to the widening of nomothetic nosological research.
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Psychiatric disorders
Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ
In: Modern Synopsis of Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry / IV, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1985
("Déjà vu is an illusion of recognition in which a new situation is incorrectly regarded as a representation of a previous memory. It can occur in normal persons, particularly in settings generating anxiety. It is more common in neurotic states and occurs occasionally in the aura of grand mal epilepsy. In jamais vu there is a feeling of unfamiliarity with a situation that one has actually experienced.
Related to déjà vu is déjà entendu, in which a comment never heard before is incorrectly regarded as a repetition of a previous conversation, and déjà pensé, in which a thought never entertained before is incorrectly regarded as a representation of a previous thought." p. 161)
("On the basis of the predominant symptoms, complex partial seizures can be subclassified as those with: [1] impairment of consciousness only, such as transient confusion; [2] cognitive symptoms, such as a sensation ofdéjà vu, jamais vu, distortion of time perception, or a sense of unreality; [3] affective symptoms, such as fear or anxiety; [4] psychosensory symptoms, such as illusions or hallucinations; [5] psychomotor phenomena, such as automatisms and masticatory movements, [6] speech disturbances, such as dysphasia or speech automatisms; and [7] compound forms of the above seizures." pp. 303-4)
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Hallucinations in children with conduct and emotional disorders: II. The follow-up study
Garralda ME
Children's Department, the Maudsley Hospital, London
Psychological Medicine 14(3): 597-604, 1984
Synopsis
In a controlled study, 20 children with hallucinations and emotional or conduct disorders were followed up into adulthood. The mean follow-up time was 17 years and the mean age at follow-up was 30 years. Hallucinations in childhood did not carry an increased risk for psychoses, depressive illness, organic brain damage or other psychiatric disorders. The continuation of hallucinations and episodes of altered awareness in some of the subjects may indicate a special predisposition to hallucinate.
From the paper:
"In addition, some psychiatric symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, neurotic depersonalization/derealization,deja-vu experiences, obsessional phenomena) were explored in more depth by extracting the relevant questions from the Present State Examination (Wing , J. K., et al. "SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry." Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 47(6): 589-93, 1990)."
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Mental phenomena induced by stimulation in the limbic system
Halgren E
Human Neurobiology 1(4): 251-60, 1982
Summary
Direct electrical stimulation of any limbic sector may evoke a visceral sensation or an emotion, usually fear or anxiety. Vivid formed dream- or memory-like hallucinations, or intense feelings of familiarity, may be evoked from the hippocampal formation and amygdala. Conversely, amnesia may result from stimulation-induced bilateral disruption of the same region. Cingulate gyrus stimulation near the supplementary motor cortex may evoke partially adaptive movement sequences, or may interfere with the performance of movements. In general, those phenomena are not due to epileptic pathology, nor to gross spread of activation. The particular response evoked is not related to the precise electrode location, but rather to the patient's psychological traits and concerns. Thus, there is no direct relationship between specific mental contents and the activation of particular limbic neurons. Limbic stimulation appears to produce deep mental alterations whose manifestation at the surface of awareness, or in specific movements, is defined by the ongoing context.
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Dynamics of the hippocampal contribution to memory: Stimulation and recording studies in humans
Halgren E, Wilson CL, Squires NK, Engel J, Walter RD, Crandall PH
In: The Molecular, Cellular and Behavioral Neurobiology of the Hippocampus, W. Seifert (ed.), NYC: Academic Press, 1982
(From p. 21: "Some stimulations which do not cause amnesia will lead to powerful subjective menal phenomena, which apparently represent hyperactivation of the psychological processes which are missing in amnesia: familiarity (deja vu) and recall (memory-images). It is likely that HCF [hippocampal formation] stimulation evokes memory-images, at least in part, by directly promoting hallucinations per se. Deja vu, but not memory-images, could be secondary to activation of a distant epileptic focus. When the sites likely to be activated anti- or orthodromically by MTL [medial temporal lobe] stimulation are themselve stimulated directly, memory-images or deja vu are seldom evoked. Therefore, it appears that the MTL is a focal point for influencing neocortical areas in order to promote re-experiences of previous events, and to provide a sense of familiarity to aspects of ongoing experience.")
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The amygdala contribution to emotion and memory: Current studies in humans
Halgren E
In: The Amygdaloid Complex, INSERM Symposium No. 20, Y. Ben-Ari (ed.), 1981, pp. 395-408
(Illusions of familiarity [déjà vu] are just one of the many mental phenomena elicited by electrical stimulation of the amygdala.)
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The role of the amygdala in the expression of psychic phenomena in temporal lobe seizures
Gloor P, Olivier A, Quesney LF
In: The Amygdaloid Complex, INSERM Symposium no. 20, Y. Ben-Ari (ed.), 1981, pp. 489-498
Summary
Experiential phenomena occurring during spontaneous seizures or elicited by electrical brain stimulation were studied in 35 patients with intractable seizures in whom intracerebral depth electrodes had been implanted stereotaxically. The experiential phenomena observed were of a perceptual (visual, auditory or olfactory), mnemonic (memory recall or illusion of familiarity) or emotional type, or they encompassed a combination of these. Activation of limbic rather than of neocortical structures was required for the occurrence of virtually all the observed experiential phenomena, whether perceptual, mnemonic or emotional. Among the limbic structures the amygdala seemed to be predominantly and often exclusively involved in the elaboration of these phenomena. It is proposed that limbic, particularly amygdaloid activation, is required to let perceptual and mnemonic data processed by the temporal neocortex emerge into consciousness.
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Depersonalization
Barton JL
Southern Medical Journal 72(6): 770, 1979
(In this two paragraph letter to the editor, Dr. Barton comments on a paper by McKellar which stated that "the terms depersonalization, déjà vu and derealization have been frequently used interchangeably." He disagrees with the attribution and then offers definitions of these three phenomena. He says déjà vu "not uncommonly occurs in association with depersonalization or derealization but is unlikely to be confused or interchanged with these terms.")
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Le "déjà vu" élaboration d'un modèle d'approche hypothetique
de Nayer A
Psychiatria Clinica 12: 92-96, 1979
Abstract
Although psychiatric literature abounds in allusions to the phenomenon of ‘déjà vu’, few communications were devoted to an analysis of this interesting psychological state. After a short review of the ‘déjà vu’ conditions, the author proposes a model consisting of two channels. Under normal conditions, the first deals with the reading of information already stored, and the second, the engrammic channel, will store future information. The ‘déjà vu’ condition is produced when the reading channel and the engrammic channel meet in the same area. This mechanism can explain the various etiological possibilities of ‘déjà vu’, ranging from more or less ordinary cases such as fatigue or anguish to the most important etiology which is a psychotic process.
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Abnormal memory
Nichols AM
In: The Harvard Guide to Modern Psychiatry, A. M. Nichols (ed.), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978
("Déjà vu and jamais vu may occur in schizophrenics, in patients suffering from certain psychoneuroses, in those with lesions of the temporal lobe including epilepsy, with patients in states of fatique or intoxication, and sometimes in normal individuals." p. 37)
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Mental phenomena evoked by electrical stimulation of the human hippocampal formation and amygdala
Halgren E, Walter RD, Cherlow DG, Crandall PH
Brain 101: 83-117, 1978
Summary
Of 3495 stimulations of the medial temporal lobe of 36 psychomotor epileptics, 267 were accompanied by reports of mental phenomena, including hallucinations of complete scenes, deja vu, anxiety, visceral sensations, amnesia, and unformed sensory experiences. Olfactory and frankly aggressive responses were not observed. The factors selecting whether a particular stimulus would evoke a mental phenomenon, and which category of mental phenomena would be evoked, could be explored because of the similarity across patients of the anatomical loci and protocols of stimulation. In general, a widespread electrographic response was necessary but not sufficient for an experiential response to occur. That is, 89 per cent of evoked mental phenomena were accompanied by an evoked potential (EP) and/or after-discharge (AD), but only 10 per cent of those stimuli that evoked an EP and/or AD also evoked a mental phenomenon. In contrast, only 2 per cent of stimuli that evoked neither an EP nor AD evoked a mental phenomenon. Contralateral EPs were rare. Anterior electrode sites, and sites contralateral to the focus, had a higher frequency of both electro graphic and mental responses. The category of mental phenomenon was not related to the anatomical site, however, but rather to patient-specific variables. Patients reporting fear scored higher on the 'psychesthenia' subscale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and patients experiencing hallucinations scored higher on the 'schizophrenic' subscale than did the other patients. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to the primary visual or somatosensory areas, where the evoked mental phenomena are highly predictable and are closely related to the anatomical site, the mental phenomena evoked by medial temporal lobe stimulation are idiosyncratic and variable, and are related to the personality of the patient stimulated.
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Der psychoanalytische Beitrag zur Schizoprenieforschung
[The psychoanalytic contribution to schizophrenia research] [in German]
Searles HF
Kindler Studienausgabe, 1974
(Für ein Schizophreniepatient: "Seine Erfahrung der Umwelt ist häufig durchdrungen mit Déjà-vu-Eindrückenund mit Erlebnissen, bei denen er Fremde fälschlicherweise für vertraute Gestalten aus seiner Vergangenheit hält." p. 179)
[For a schizophrenia patient: "His experience of the environment is frequently pervaded with déjà vuimpressions and with experiences in which he holds that persons he doesn't know are trusted figures from his past."]
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Temporal disorganization and delusional-like ideation: Processes induced by hashish and alcohol
Melges FT, Tinklenberg JR, Deardorff CM, Davies NH, Anderson RE, Owen CA
Archives of General Psychiatry 30: 855-861, 1974
Abstract
From studies of acutely paranoid psychiatric patients, we postulated that temporal disorganization might be involved in the emergence of delusional-like ideation (ie, feelings of influence, grandiosity and persecution). To test this postulate, high doses of tetrahydrocannabinol were used to induce temporal disorganization in carefully screened normal subjects who had no detectable predisposition to delusional ideation. Each subject was used as his own control for five experimental conditions (including comparably intoxicating alcohol doses as well as placebo) at weekly intervals. Tetrahydrocannabinol conditions induced significantly greater temporal disorganization and delusional-like ideation. For all subjects, there were substantial change correlations between temporal disorganization and delusional-like ideation. The findings indicate that changes in the rate, sequence, and goal-directedness of thinking processes were involved in the emergence of unusual thought content.
(Déjà vu-like experiences were evoked by hashish consumption. p. 859)
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Clinical phenomenology
Jovanovic´ UJ
In: Psychomotor Epilepsy (A polydimensional study). Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas, Publishers, 1974
("The experience is often familiar, or reminiscent of some previous event. Gowers [1902] called this phenomenon déjà vu; Jackson [1899] referred to it as reminiscence." p. 19)
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The mechanism of deja vu
Kirshner LA
Diseases of the Nervous System 34(5): 246-9, 1973
(After providing a brief overview of déjà vu, the author presents two cases of persistent déjà vu. He then writes: "Our impression ... is that the experience is traumatic, an interference with the normal process of reality testing, as demonstrated clearly by patient 2 who projected or externalized the trauma. In fact, déjà vu is commonly experienced with anxiety as a disruption. Thus Levitan follows Fenichel in describing it as the failure of a defensive process." p. 258)
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Flashbacks
Zeidenberg P
Psychiatric Annals 3(5): 14-9, 1973
(In this paper the author is primarily concerned with the flashbacks that occur with some mind-altering drugs. On page 16, he expresses the opinion that déjà vu is due to emotional flashbacks.)
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Déjà-vu
Heimann H
Definition in: Lexikon der Psychiatrie, Christian Müller (ed.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1973, pp. 92-3
(in the 1986 edition, the definition of déjà vu is on pp. 143-4)
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Derealization and déjà vu: Formal mechanisms
Siomopoulos V
American Journal of Psychotherapy 26: 84-9, 1972
SUMMARY
This paper suggests the possibility that perceptual wholes might be capable of forming larger object-affect wholes with the affective states associated with them. The phenomena of derealization and deja vu appear to be reflections of disturbances in the organization of perceptual wholes and their affective components into such larger object-affect wholes. In derealization, a familiar affect is missing from a familiar object-affect whole. This is due to repression of pure affect viewed not as cathexis of an idea, but as a separate psychic structure. In déjà vu, the feeling of object familiarity is actually an awareness of a familiar affect constituting part of an object-affect whole. The phenomena of derealization and déjà vu appear to support the view that the affects are independent psychic structures following their own formal laws.
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Symptoms encountered in mental illness
Curran D, Partridge M, Storey P
In: Psychological Medicine, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1972
(On p. 57 the author wrote that déjà vu is associated with fatigue and/or sleepiness.)
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A study of depersonalization in students
Myers DH, Grant G
British Journal of Psychiatry 121: 39-65, 1972
("The phenomena of familiarity and of perspective seem to be involved both in agoraphobia on the one hand and in depersonalization and déjà vu on the other. This is consonant with the possibility that déjà vu and depersonalization are part of a system which can modulate, fairly selectively, sensory input in order to minimize agoraphobia." p. 62)
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Depersonalization phenomena in psychiatric patients
Brauer R, Harrow M, Tucker GJ
British Journal of Psychiatry 117: 509-15, 1970
Abstract
The present research, designed to investigate the presence of depersonalization in psychiatric patients, found that depersonalization occurs more frequently in younger patients who are frequently anxious, who seem to be preoccupied with internal processes, and who have a tendency toward cyclothymia and depression. From this study depersonalization and derealization seem to be two aspects of the same phenomenon, and in this respect emerge as symptoms rather than as discrete diagnostic entities. One interesting question is whether these phenomena are lifelong events or occur only at the times of an emotional illness, as proposed by Mayer-Gross. The current data, particularly the correlations with the various personality inventories which are usually indicative of longstanding personality traits, would indicate that these phenomena are probably present throughout most of life but are intensified and noted more during periods of emotional distress.
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Delusions and Hallucinations
Weinstein EA
In: Origin and Mechanisms of Hallucinations. Wolfram Keup (ed.) New York: Plenum Press, 1970
("One patient, awaiting a craniotomy for repair of a ruptured aneurysm, stated that the same operation had been previously performed. Here we may recognize temporal reduplication as an enduring déjà vu phenomenon." p. 54)
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Migraine auras and classical migraine
Sacks O
In: Migraine: The Evolution of a Common Disorder, University of California Press, 1970
(There is also Migraine: Revised and Expanded, University of California Press, 1992 and a German version: Migäne, Rowolt Taschenbuch Verlag, 1994, see pp. 131-3).
("Among the strangest and most intense symptoms of migraine aura, and the most difficult of description or analysis, are the occurrence of feelings of sudden familiarity and certitude (déjà vu) or its opposite, feelings of sudden strangeness and unfamiliarity (jamais vu). Such states are experienced, momentarily and occasionally, by everyone: their occurrence in migraine auras (as in epileptic auras, psychoses, etc.) is marked by their overwhelming intensity and relatively long duration." p. 89)
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Hallucinations
Feldman M, Bender MB
In: Origin and Mechanisms of Hallucinations. Wolfram Keup (ed.), NYC: Plenum Press, 1970
(Déjà vu mentioned on p. 32.)
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Depersonalization phenomena in psychiatric patients
Brauer R, Harrow M, Tucker GJ
British Journal of Psychiatry 117: 309-15, 1970
Summary
The present research, designed to investigate the presence of depersonalization in psychiatric patients, found that depersonalization occurs more frequently in younger patients who are frequently anxious, who seem to be preoccupied with internal processes, and who have a tendency toward cyclothymia and depression. From this study depersonalization and derealization seem to be two aspects of the same phenomenon, and in this respect emerge as symptoms rather than as discrete diagnostic entities. One interesting question is whether these phenomena are lifelong events or occur only at the times of an emotional illness, as proposed by Mayer-Gross. The current data, particularly the correlations with the various personality inventories which are usually indicative of longstanding personality traits, would indicate that these phenomena are probably present throughout most of life but are intensified and noted more during periods of emotional distress.
("Déjà vu phenomena, although reported in 92 per cent of the patients (but experienced frequently in only 15 per cent), correlated with very few of the variables that depersonalization and derealization did, and thus most likely represent a different type of symptom or experiential state (Table IV)." p. 513)
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Patterns of reduplication in organic brain disease
Weinstein EA
Chapter 14 in: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 3. P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (eds.) New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969, pp. 251-7
("With a déjà vu experience there may be intense feelings of familiarity, anticipation, nostalgia, amusement and occasionally of discomfort and terror." p. 255)
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Disorders of the time sense
Gooddy W
Chapter 13 in: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. vol. 3, P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (eds.). NYC: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1969, pp. 229-250
(Déjà vu is treated on pp. 238 and 246-7.)
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Cerebral localisation of disorders of higher nervous activity
Glonung K, Hoff H
Chapter 3 in: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol. 3, NYC: John Wiley & Sons, 1969
(Experiences of déjà vu, déjà entendu and déjà connu are discussed on pp. 32-3.)
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Déjà vu -- as related to diagnostic categories in psychiatric and neurosurgical patients
Richardson TF, Winokur G
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 146(2): 161-4, 1968
Summary
A group of 301 hospitalized psychiatric patients and 161 neurosurgical patients were studied, and the reporting of déjà vu was found to be 44 and 40 per cent, respectively. These groups were broken down into diagnostic categories, and it was found that in the psychiatric group, patients with the diagnosis of personality disorder or miscellaneous psychiatric diagnosis (situational reactions), reported déjà vu significantly more than the group mean. There was no reporting of déjà vu in the psychiatric patients with organic brain syndromes.
No neurosurgical diagnostic group reported déjà vu more or less frequently than the mean for the group. These findings further confirm that the reporting of déjà vu is a relatively common phenomenon, probably no more frequent in seizure or ceregram tumor patients than in other patients or even control patients without cerebral pathology.
It was found that déjà vu is reported more often in patients with a psychiatric illness than in patients with no psychiatric or no cerebral pathology. Further evidence was presented to show that this could be due to the high reporting of déjà vu by patients with personality disorder and situational reactions. It is suggested that the phenomenon of déjà vu may be of help in clarifying the vague psychiatric diagnostic categories called personality disorder and situational reactions.
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A review of the effects of sleep deprivation
Tucker RP
University of Michigan Medical Center Journal 34(3): 161-4, 1968
(They cite a 1959 paper by Brauchi and West that reported on a radio disk jockey who, as part of a contest, went 168 hours and 33 minutes without sleep. He became psychotic and had to be hospitalized "with depersonalization and frightening déjà vu." p. 162)
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Déjà vu, déjà entendu, déjà raconté, Automatismen, fausse reconnaissance und kryptomanie
[Déjà vu, déjà entendu, déjà raconté, automatisms, false recognition and cryptomaina] [in German]
Meier CA
Chapter 2 in: Die Empire des Unbewussten, Zürich: Rascher Verlag, 1968
(Prof. Meier suggested that such phenomena may be due to a "leak" in the "wall" that separates the conscious mind from the unconscious. p. 71)
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Déjà vu in psychiatric and neurosurgical patients
Richardson TF, Winokur G
Archives of General Psychiatry 17(5): 622-5, 1967
Summary
A systematic interview was performed on two entirely different hospital populations to obtain the incidence ofdeja vu and possible related variables. The findings closely parallel those of Chapman and Mensh on a general medical population; the incidence of deja vu is a phenomenon that is equally common in men and women; it is inversely proportional to age; and it is probably related to education, occupation, and travel. Negroes report the phenomenon less frequently than whites. From the present study it was also found that female psychiatric patients probably have an increased- incidence of deja vu. It is realized that "statistical significance" is not necessarily "clinical importance," but it is felt from this study that it can be assumed the incidence of deja vu is sufficiently common to be of questionable help in such conditions as temporal lobe or psychomotor epilepsy diagnoses.
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Transvestism, impotence and temporal lobe dysfunction
Hunter R
Journal of Neurological Science 4: 357-360, 1967
(There are several references to déjà vu on pages 358-360.)
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Vorstellungsanomalien, Trugerinnerungen
[Imagination anomalies, misleading memories] [in German]
Jaspers K
Section e in: Allgemeine Psychopathologie, 3. Auflage, Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1965
(He provides an example of déjà vu as experienced by a patient suffering from schizophrenia. p. 66)
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Behavioral responses to stimulation of human hippocampus, hippocampal gyrus and amygdala (American EEG Society meeting abstract)
Walter RD, Chapman L, Porter R, Crandall P, Rand R
Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 17: 461, 1964
(Déjà vu is listed among the symptoms evoked by electrical stimulation of temporal lobes in 10 patients during evaluation for temporal lobectomies.)
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The brain's record of auditory and visual experience
Penfield W, Perot P
Brain 86(4): 595-694, 1963
("[G]entle electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe cortex also produced sudden 'feelings' -- sometimes the feeling of familiarity that clinicians had been in the habit of calling déjà vu, sometimes an alteration in the apparent meaning of things seen or heard." p. 597)
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Capgras syndrom und déjà vu
[Capgras syndrome and deja vu experience] [in German]
Dietrich H
Fortschritte der Neurologie und Psychiatrie 30: 617-25, 1962
(Based on a case the author compares normal dèjà vu with that occurring in connection with mental illness, especially a form that appears together with the Capgras syndrome in which the afflicted person denies knowing someone they actually know well. For the normal dèja vu he quotes from Berndt-Larsson's definition:
"Mitten in einer beliebigen Beschäftigung überfällt einen plötzlich einige Sekunden oder Minuten das bestimmtee Gefühl, schon früher einmal gerade diese Situation mit allen Details und allen Nebenumständen -- genau in derselben Weise wie jetzt -- erlebt zu haben. Gleichzeitig packt einen ein Gefühl von Unwirklichkeit und Unbehagen. Es ist, als hätte man voraussagen können, was gerade geschieht und was demnächst geschehen wird. Plötzlich ist das Symptom weg, ebenso rasch und unerklärlich verschwunden, wie es gekommen war." p. 623.
[In the middle of some activity one is suddenly overcome for a few seconds or minutes with that specific, undeniable feeling of having experienced just this situation with all its details and all concomitants -- precisely in the same way as now. Simultaneously, one is grabbed by a feeling of irreality and unease. It is as if one could have told in advance what was happening just now and what would happen next. Suddenly, the symptom is gone, disappeared just as quickly and inexplicably as it came."¨]
The form experienced by the mentally ill is also defined by Berndt-Larrson as:
"Seiner Natur nach ist es aufdringlich, störrisch und weicht nicht logischen Gründen gegenüber. Der Kranke ist in der Regel von der Wirklichkeit eines früheres Erlebnisses vollkommen überzeugt. Er kann es bestimmt in Zeit und Raum lokalisieren. Es ist ihm einmal oder mehrmals vorher passiert, es hat sich identisch gleich oder nahezu gleich wie jetzt zugetragen. Es breitet sich gerne aus und verwebt sich mit seinem übrigen paranoiden oder schizophrenen Ideen." p. 623.
[According to its nature it is intrusive, intractable and does not give way to logical reasons. As a rule the ill person is completely convinced about the reality of his or her earlier experience. They are certain they can localize it in time and space. It has happened to them once or many times; it occurred at that time exactly or nearly exactly as it has now. It spreads out and interweaves itself with the rest of their paranoid or schizophrenic ideas.])
(cf.: Berndt-Larrson H: Über das Déjà vu und andere Täuschungen des Bekanntheitsgefühls. Z. ges. Neurol. Psychiat. 1931 133: 521-543)
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Über abnormes Zeiterleben bei einer Schizophrenen
[About abnormal time experience in a schizophrenic] [in German]
Ciompi L
European Neurology 142: 100-121, 1961
(Déjà vu discussed on p. 105.)
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A contribution to the analysis of déjà vu
Schneck JM
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 132: 91-3, 1961
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Brain Mechanisms in Emotion
Arnold MP
In: Emotions and Personality, Vol. II, part I, Magda P. Arnold (ed.), NYC: Columbia University Press, 1960
(Déjà vu must be due to "some defect in neural conduction" and "is a frequent and conspicuous symptom in mental disease [see Bellak, 1958]. p. 66)
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Depressive states and their borderlands: Classification, diagnosis and treatment
Roth M
Comprehensive Psychiatry 1(3): 135-155, 1960
("There are other interesting disturbances of consciousness, the most important being the syncopal attacks in about ten percent of cases and symptoms such as déjà vu phenomena, metamorphopsia and panoramic memory reminiscent of temporal lobe dysfunction, which occur in some 40 per cent." [p. 142])
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Le syndrome de Korsakov
[The Korsakoff syndrome] [in French]
In: Manuel de Psychiatrie
H. Ey, P. Bernard, Ch. Brisset (eds.), Paris: Mission et Cie, 1960
(Déjà vu is mentioned on p. 263.)
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Part I: Brain Mechanisms in Emotion
Arnold MP
In: Emotion and Personality, Vol. II: Neurological and Physiological Aspects. Columbia University Press, NYC. 1960
(Déjà vu must be due to "some defect in neural conduction" and "is a frequent and conspicuous symptom in mental disease [see Bellak, 1958]. p. 66)
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Interpretive responses
Penfield W, Roberts L
Section D in the Recording of Consciousness chapter of: Speech and Brain Mechanisms, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1959
(When patients experience a sudden sense of familiarity when stimulated by electrodes at points 14 and 15 on the temporal lobe [see diagram of Fig III-5], "clinicians have long called them 'déjà vu' [already seen] phenomena. They are false interpretations of the present and therefore are called illusions." p.47)
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Functional localization in temporal and deep sylvan areas
Penfield W
Chapter 6 in: The Brain and Human Behavior, Research Publications No.36, Proceedings of the December 7-8 meeting of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, Harry C. Solomon, Stanley Cobb, and Wilder Penfield (eds.), Williams & Williams, Co., Baltimore, 1958, pp. 210-226
("Illusions of familiarity ['déjà vu'] were produced by stimulation only in cases in which this had been reported by the patient as an aura. They also occurred predominantly as the result of discharge or stimulation in the temporal lobe of the hemisphere which is minor for speech and handedness." p. 222)
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Some mechanisms of consciousness discovered during electrical stimulation of the brain
Penfield W
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 44(2): 51-66, 1958
"Then point 15 was stimulated, and she said, "Just a tiny flash of familiarity and a feeling that I knew everything that was going to happen in the near future." To explain this, she added, 'as though I had been through all this before.'" p. 63
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The schizophrenic syndrome
Bellak L
In: Schizophrenia: A Review of the Syndrome, Bellak L (ed.), NYC: Logos Press, 1958
(Déjà vu mentioned on pp. 12, 21, 27.)
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Space, Time and Consciousness
Kooy JMJ
Journal of Parapsychology 21: 259-272, 1957
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Einige variationen des Ichgefühls
[Several variations of the I feeling] [in German]
Federn P
In: Ich psychologie und die Psychosen, Bern: Hans Huber Verlag, 1956
(Déjà vu mentioned on pp. 29, 53-4, 235.)
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The twenty-ninth Maudsley lecture: The role of the temporal cortex in certain psychical phenomena
Penfield W
Journal of Mental Science 101: 451-465, 1955
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the cortex of the temporal lobe may activate psychical responses which are experiential if concerned with the reexperiencing of earlier happenings and interpretive if alterations of interpretations of current experience. These result chiefly from stimulation of that portion of the lobe that is hidden within the Sylvian fissure. Temporal lobe seizures may activate similar states—psychical hallucination such as flash-back feelings or psychical illusions, such as déjà vu phenomena, or an amnesic seizure-psychomotor confusion.
("The sense of familiarity ('déjà vu') is an interpretation -- it might be called a feeling or even an emotion -- which accompanies new experiences. It is a reaction which is set off very easily in some patients and, it should be added, in some individuals who are not subject to overt seizures. The reaction may have the same character regardless of the nature of the experience." p. 464)
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Die Störung von Zeit und Raum in der Hirnpathologie
[Disorders of time and space in cerebral pathology] [in German]
Glonung I, Glonung K, Hoff H
Wiener Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde und deren Grenzgebiete 10: 346-377, 1955
(Déjà vu, déjà entendu and déjà connu are treated on pp. 271-4.)
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Die psychopathologie der höher strukturierten psychischen Vorgänge
[The psychopathology of the higher structured psychological processes] [in German]
Bash KW
In: Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Psychopathologie, Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, 1955
(cf. pp. 182-3)
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Illusions of comparative interpretation and emotion
Mullan S, Penfield W
AMA Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 81: 269-284, 1954
(They report on results of electical stimulation of various parts of the brain via electrodes. In their conclusions, they wrote: "Illusions of familiarity were predominantly associated with epileptic discharge or electrical stimulation in the temporal region of the hemisphere that is minor for handedness and speech. However, this preponderance is less invariable than in the case of visual illusions." p. 283.)
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Symptomatology
Wilson SAK
From Chapter LXXXVI in: Neurology. A. N. Bruce (ed.) Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins company, 1940
(The author wrote: "As for the dreamy state, it can be extremely brief, or prolonged into the space of a few minutes. Comprised thereunder are conditions for which a variety of phrases have been coined by those with experience of it -- 'a feeling of having been there before', 'feeling of being somewhere else', 'reverie', 'double consciousness', 'recurrence of an old dream', 'memories of things that happened in childhood', 'feeling of strangeness and unreality'. Sometimes the sensation is so weird and evanescent as to elude depiction; it so transcends reality that the subject feels he is quivering on the brink of the unknown; sometimes there are 'terrible thoughts' that cannot be uttered." p. 1479)
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Mental symptoms in cases of tumor of the temporal lobe
Keschner M, Bender M, Strauss I
Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 35: 572-596, 1936
("Some patients complain of a 'feeling of having been in exactly the same situation as before' -- the déjà vustate. This is relatively rare, and we did not observe it in any of our cases." pp. 577-8)
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Über das Déjà vu und andere Täuschungen des Bekanntheitsgefühls
["Concerning Déjà Vu and other illusions of the Familiarity Feeling"] [in German]
Berndt-Larrson H
Zeitschrift für die gesammte Neurolologie und Psychiatrie 133: 521-543, 1931.
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General Paralysis with "déjà vu" Phenomenon
Dawson WS
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 20(5): 634-5, 1927
(The author reports on a case in which the man claimed he had had dreams that told him the future [precognitive dreams]. The author terms this "déjà vu" and fears that it "is being worked into a grandiose delusion." p. 635)
(available on-line at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2101168/ )
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[The Symptom of the déjà vu illusion in creative processes] [In Russian]
Skvortzov KA
Klinicheskii Arkhiv Geneal Nosti i Odarennosti 1: 111-?, 1925
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Die Erinnerungstäuschungen der "reduplizierenden Paramnesie" und des "déjà vu", ihre klinische Differenzierung und ihre psychologischen Beziehungen zueinander
[The memory illusion of "reduplicative paramnesia" and "déjà vu", their clinical differentiation and their psychological relationships with each other] [in German]
Rosenberg M
Zeitschrift für Pathopsychologie 1: 561-602, 1912
(This paper makes a clear distinction between reduplicative paramnesia [as described by Pick in his 1901 paper] and déjà vu. It is in the latter that the individual is immediately confronted with the impression of having lived through something before in all its detail while with the former the impression gradually grows as the experience progresses [p. 561]. Pages 587 to 599 are devoted to a lengthy discussion of déjà vu with many examples and case reports. Especially valuable is the distinction made between how déjà vu is experienced by normal people [of short duration and dream-like] and by ill persons who tend to believe, he said, that there is a mysterious purpose at work behind what they are living through [p. 594].)
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Psychological Literature: Hysteria, Paramnesia
(No authorship indicated)
Psychological Review 1(1): 93-95, 1894
Abstract
Discusses the topics of hysteria and paramnesia, highlighting two articles: one by Bernheim entitled On the Psychical Nature of Hysterical Unilateral Amblyopia and Sensitivo-sensorial Hemianaesthesia (see record 1894-10029-001), and one by A. Lalande entitled Des Paramnésies (1893). For the first article, in taking the case of a youth of 19, the upper left half of whose body was completely anaesthetic, Bernheim defends the view that the insensibility in such hysterical cases is not real, but only mental, just like that produced by suggestion in hypnotic subjects. The second article focuses on Lalande's theory on paramnesia, the illusion of feeling as if one had already undergone the experience which may be passing. Lalande suggests that unconscious telepathic perception, if made conscious by the succeeding mental state, might give rise to the sense of a previous experience repeated.
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Ueber Erinnerungstäuschungen und Nervenkrankheiten
[Concerning memory illusions and nervous diseases] [in German]
Sander W
Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 4: 244-253, 1874
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Ueber doppeltes Bewusstsein bei Geisteskranken
[Concerning doubled consciousness in the mentally ill] [in German]
Wiedemeister
Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie 27: 711-717, 1871